Communication knowdgen Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication knowdgen - Assignment Example Workplace communication for the 21st century: Tools and strategies that impact the bottom line: V.1: Internal workplace communication; v.2: External workplace communication. 2010. Choice Reviews Online, 50-6291. 18 The company maintains an efficient and continuous communication with the city inhabitants and its clients. It issues news releases  to the local media with significant information on the city issues and services. The news releases are posted here at the exact time when they are passed to reports (Hamilton City Improvement Society, organized 2004, p.88). Persons interested in knowing more about Hamilton can contact the company’s communication officers. 22 Employees and clients are often invited to attend the Public meetings and consultation sessions. These are usually hosted in the city of Hamilton and comprise a many public consultations on a varied series of local and city-wide subjects (Hamilton City Improvement Society, organized 2004, p.88). The company values the publics view and hopes to get informative debates with inhabitants, companies, and other major stakeholders from allover of the City. 23 There are many forms of print communication, involve all forms of printed literature with relevant business information (Curtis 2009, p.11). They range from newsletters, microfiche, books, microfilm to periodicals.   24 Perrigot, R., Kacker, M., Basset, G., & Cliquet, G. (2012) Antecedents of Early Adoption and Use of Social Media Networks for Stakeholder Communications: Evidence from Franchising*. Journal of Small Business Management, 539-565. 36 Workplace communication for the 21st century: Tools and strategies that impact the bottom line: V.1: Internal workplace communication; v.2: External workplace communication. 2010. Choice Reviews Online, 50-6291. 36 When starting any business organization, it is crucial to assess the most relevant methods of managing information and knowledge requirements. It is also important to define the

English Colonial Policy Essay Example for Free

English Colonial Policy Essay England first set out for the New World as a response to the Spanish example. Spain had been the first European power to explore this new land, and upon their return showed how valuable a venture it was. England’s first objective in exploring the New World was to find a North-West Passage to open up trade with China. They were highly unsuccessful, and shifted their focus south toward New Spain. Their attempts to settle and establish colonies failed on many occasions, until the establishment of Jamestown. The settlers quickly adapted to the Native American process of cultivating tobacco and grew it in massive quantities, much of which was exported back to England. England’s main objective in establishing North American colonies was to seek fortune for the monarchy. They had been witness to the Spanish endeavors that proved highly valuable. They also wished to spread Christianity in the new land. The English monarchy saw many opportunities as Spanish power was declining. The first method employed by England to gain power oversees was privateering, in which gold and slaves were stolen from Spanish trade ships. Tobacco became their most useful tool in developing more and more massive settlements. Tobacco could be exported to England for a very high price, enabling colonists to use profits to expand their towns and inhabit much of the coast. Much of England’s population was in poverty seeking new opportunities. Most could not afford the cost of transportation to the New World. In hopes of creating better lives for themselves, thousands of people signed indentures to go work in the New World. This fueled colonists and tobacco planters to expand and further the spread of English colonialism. The Virginia Company had governance over Virginia in the beginning of its colonization. They formed a House of Burgesses to make laws and govern their inhabitants. In 1624, King James named Virginia a royal colony, in which the laws passed by the Burgesses had to be approved by the King’s bureaucrats rather than the Virginia Company. He appointed the colony’s governor and his council. The government of the colonies strictly enforced social distinction between classes. In the New England colonies Puritans dominated the government, and fought for Puritan values. The free man had much more influence on his government than he would in Spanish or French colonies. The government in the English colonies was in many ways Democratic in the sense that it had much focus on the voice of the governed. The English relationship with the Native Americans was very much back and forth. The English had an entitlement that they were superior to the Native Americans. There were times when the colonists depended on the Natives for food and survival during winter. Some tribes cut off the colonists food supply in hopes that they would leave, but the English instead raided their villages and stole their food. An uprising of Natives on March 22, 1622 ended in the death of 347 colonists, which was â€Å"almost one-third† of the population in the settlement (Roark 54). This event may very well have landed the Native Americans on the enemies-list of the English colonists. Works Consulted Eden, Jason, and Naomi Eden. Views Of Older Native American Adults In Colonial New England. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 25.3 (2010): 285-298. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. Roark, James L. The American Promise: A Compact History Volume 1: To 1877. 4 ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. Print.

Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions Essay

Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions Who would have ever thought the way a radioactive particle decays would relate to whether or not we have bad attitudes towards life? Who would have ever suspected that the structure of space-time would be so closely linked to whether or not we would marry rich wives? And who indeed would have ever expected that the properties of light might affect whether or not we go on homicidal rampages? Perhaps Kurt Vonnegut did. Could it be possible that a writer known more for his pictures of assholes than his knowledge of advanced physics actually centered some of the deepest concepts in his works on the philosophical implications of general relativity and quantum mechanics? Two of his greatest novels, Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions, both seem to hint at the relationship between modern physics and an idea philosophers call determinism. Vonnegut readers might well scratch their heads and flip through their copies of these books, searching the stories of the fragmented life of a war veteran and the deranged antics of a mad car salesman for a chapter on the Schrà ¶dinger wave equation they may have skipped. I freely admit that their search will be in vain, and that no truly concrete proof exists that Vonnegut based the ideas in these books on the latest discoveries of science. But I also contend that the parallels between Vonnegut’s work and advanced physics are a little too perfect to be a series of very lucky accidents. From this perspective, it seems likely that Vonnegut used ideas based on physics to support the idea of determinism in Slaughterhouse-Five and destroy it in Breakfast of Champions. But perhaps before arguing about the ways Von... ...e and what he saw made him more optimistic. Or maybe it was all due to copious consumption of the â€Å"little pill[s]† he takes to â€Å"cheer up† (Vonnegut, Breakfast of†¦ 4). Even Vonnegut might not know for certain. All that can be said with confidence is that Vonnegut’s idea of truth evolved between Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions, just like the theories and concepts of physics do even now. In the end, so too must all human knowledge die and be reborn. As Vonnegut might say (Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse†¦ 34), â€Å"So it goes.† Works Cited Rachels, James. Problems from Philosophy. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2005. Vonnegut, Kurt. Breakfast of Champions. New York: Dell Publishing, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Dell Publishing, 1969. Zukav, Gary. Dancing Wu-Li Masters. New York: William Morrow and Company, inc., 1979.

Environmental Protection

Many centuries ago people lived in harmony with nature because industry was not much developed. There was no ecological problem until people built lots of plants and factories which sent wastes into the air, water and land where they didn't disappear but lasted forever in one form or another. Nowadays people live only according to their wants and requirements, they ignore the laws of nature. That's why today the contradictions between man and nature are dramatic. People are slowly destroying the nature environment around them. Today we are anxious about the state of the air we breathe because every year world industry throws out into atmosphere about 1 000 million tons of dust, smoke and other harmful substances and people of many cities suffer from smog. | Another reason why there is such high level of air pollution in large cities is because of car exhaust fumes from very intensive transport. A great number of plants get used to dump poisonous chemical wastes in rivers, lakes and seas that has led to polluting water and killing fish life. At present time pollution from sinking ships and tankers with oil is increasing and there is a strong destruction of sea life. We face the fresh water supply problem today because of the depletion of water resources and the disruption of water cycle. Speaking about atmosphere we should mention ozone holes which are result of air pollution and their increase can lead to the destruction of the whole great chain of life of our planet. The pollution of the air, oceans, seas, rivers and lakes and the destruction of the ozone layer could lead our planet to a global catastrophe. But the most terrible catastrophe of our age is the Chernobyl disaster which has resulted not only in atomic explosion but has brought death to 300 thousands hectares of farm lands and has affected the lives of millions of people. The radiation doses have affected and will continue to affect the health of people living in contaminated areas. The Earth is our home that's why we must take measures to fight land pollution and keep our environment clean; we must plant trees and flowers and take care of animals, we must not throw our wastes into the rivers. In many countries environmental protection organizations such as â€Å"Green Peace†, â€Å"Friend of the Earth†, â€Å"World Wild Life Fund† are set up which try to put pressure upon the governments that don't care for ecology in their countries. The humankind will be able to survive only if we all realize that environmental protection is our universal concern.

Impacts of Cultural Differences Essay

College Graduation Thesis Subject: Impacts of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiation Name: Chen Xiujuan Student No. : 0 8 5 1 0 3 4 0 Specialty and Class: Business English, Class 3 Department: Department of Humanities and Arts Supervisor: Liu Mifan Date: 2011-3-02 Contents Introduction1 1. Types of Cultural Differences2 1. 1Value View2 1. 2. Negotiating Style2 1. 3. Thinking Model2 2. Impact Of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations4 . 1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations4 2. 1. 1Impact of Time View Difference on Negotiation. 4 2. 1. 2Impact of Equality View Difference on Negotiation. 5 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation. 6 2. 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations. 7 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation. 8 3. Coping Strategy Of Negotiating Across Cultures. 9 3. 1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. 9 3. 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice. 10 3. Conquering Communication Barriers. 10 Conclusion11 Bibliography12 Acknowledgements13 Abstract The business negotiations under different cultural conditions come to cross- cultural negotiations. With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important; otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations. The article commences from the types of culture differences, then it explains the impacts of these culture differences on international business negotiation and finally it analyzes how to deal with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in negotiation process. Such a standpoint is emphasized: In the business negotiations between different countries, negotiators should accept the other party’s culture, and try to make him be accepted; then make a correct evaluation with the help of valid communication and discover their real benefits between them. Besides, we should know clearly and try to accept the culture differences as possible as we can. It is very important for the success of culture negotiations. Key words: Culture; Cultural differences; Business negotiation; Impact Introduction Along with the advancement globalization and China’s WTO entry, business enterprises in China have to face more and more business negotiations with foreign enterprises, especially with American enterprises. In these negotiations, Chinese negotiators sometimes feel uncomfortable, puzzled, lost, irritated and the alike, because of unfamiliar custom and behaviors demonstrated by American negotiators. Meanwhile, American negotiators confront the same situation. Cult rural differences between China and west countries could cause many problems. Therefore, understanding cultural differences and overcoming them is crucial in international business negotiations. Although the definition of culture is numerous and vague, it is commonly Recognized that culture is a shared system of symbols, beliefs, values, attitudes and expectations. Culture is a major determinant in business negotiation. So have a clear picture of culture differences if of great significance. . Types of Culture Differences The east countries and west countries have produced different cultures on the different continents. Among the different cultures, value views, negotiating style and thinking model appear more obvious. 1. 1Value View Value view is the standard that people use to asses objective things. It includes time view, equality view and objectivity. People may draw a different or even contradictory conclusion abo ut the same thing. Value view is one of the most important differences among the many factors. It can influence the attitude, needs and behavior of people. The value view varies from nation to nation, people know that the eastern person focus on collectivism, while the western people pay more attention to individualism. 1. 2. Negotiating Style Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style through behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation. The negotiator’s negotiating style has a bearing on their culture background. According to the culture differences, negotiating style falls into two types: the east negotiating style pattern and the west negotiating style pattern. 1. 3. Thinking Model Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, but one is more obvious compared with others. As a whole, east people, especially Chinese have strong comprehensive thinking, image thinking and curved thinking, while analytical thinking, abstract thinking and direct thinking are possessed by the west people. 2. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations With the rapid development of economy, we need to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to reach trade agreement, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international negotiation in global business activities. The impact of culture differences on international negotiation is extensive and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are also the obstacles of people’s communication. Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and understand the other party’s goal and behavior and make him or herself be accepted by the opponent to reach agreement finally 2. 1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations fall into three types: time view, negotiation style, thinking model. Each has big influences on business negotiation 2. 1. 1 Impact of Time View Difference on Negotiation. The time view which affects the negotiator’s behavior varies from east countries to west countries. The oriental or the Chinese negotiators are usually cautious and patient. They need to go through the phrases of coming up with proposes, bringing up objections and ending the trade which takes a longer time. And they hope to arrange rich time to go on a negotiation, thus knowing more about the opponent . They are good at long and continuous battle. While west people or we could say American people, consider time is precious. They tend to resolve problems swiftly. So, in business negotiation, American businessmen often complain about the delay and the lack of efficiency of negotiators from other countries, while these countries also make a complaint that the Americans lack patience. There is a popular saying among American negotiators and businessmen: It is prohibited to steal time. That shows the time view of Americans. To them, time means money. The time view of Chinese is cyclic. They use long-term and systematic viewpoints to value the importance of the topic. A famous people classify the time view into two kinds: straight-line time viewand cyclic time view. The former pay more attention to concentration and speed, and the later stress doing many things at one time. That they insist on different time view leads to different negotiating style and method. The American people represent the straight-line time view and they have a strong awareness of modern competition. They look for speed and efficiency. So they value time badly and consider time as a special commodity whose value could be assessed. They often use minute to calculate time . They hope to reduce negotiation time at every phrase and want to complete the negotiation quickly. But the Chinese time view is cyclic and they place emphasis on unity. Moreover, it is necessary to be punctual at negotiations. West people have a strong time view, if you don’t comply with the appointment time, they may give you a punishment and they will regard you as unreliable and irresponsible person. Being late for negotiation will give the west businessmen opportunities to exert pressure onyou, and then you will lose the status of being initiative. 2. 1. 2 Impact of Equality View Difference on Negotiation America went through the bourgeoisie revolution of striving for the equality and freedom, so they take equality into their heart. Americans stick to equality and fairness in business, and hope that both could gain benefit. When introducing the topic or situation, the west people would like to use concrete method, particularly data. Their negotiating method is that they will describe their viewpoint and propose at the beginning in order to get initiative. Under this principle, they would come up with a reasonable resolution which they think is very fair. In business relationship, the sellers from America regard the buyer as a counterpart. Americans are fairer than Japanese is sharing benefits. A lot of American managers think fair division of profits is more important than how much they could get. At this point, the east people are different. Because of the deeply influence of class view, they don’t pay much attention to equality. They usually adopt single-win strategy in business negotiations. When involving economic benefits they think much about their own benefits and profits and don’t give so much attention to the benefit of their partners. The market economic system of developed countries is quite mature, so west countries take win-win strategy more in negotiation; basically, they could take the benefits of both into consideration. 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation The objectivity in international business negotiation reflects the degree to which people treat any things. West people especially Americans have a strong objectivity on the understanding of issues. At negotiation table, Americans don’t care much about relationship between people. They don’t care if the status of the opponent is equal to theirs. They make decision based on facts and data, not people. The saying that public things use public ways is a reflection of American objectivity. Therefore,Americans emphasize that Businessmen should distinguish people and issues, what they are really interested in is the actual problems. But in the other parts of the world, it is impossible for them to distinguish people and issues. . 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations The impacts of negotiating style differences on international business negotiation mainly exist in negotiating method and negotiating structure. Take the negotiation between America and China as a example, since the oriental care more about unity in thinking, they method they adopt in negotiation is from unity to parts, from the big to little, from the abstract to the concrete, that is to say they should each agreement on general terms, then begin to talk about the concrete terms. And usually not until the end of the negotiation do they make compromise and promise based on all the items, and then to reach agreement. The west people are influenced by analytic thinking, so pay more attention to logical relations between things. They consider more about concrete things than integrity. And they tend discuss the concrete items at the beginning of negotiation, so they often resolve the price, delivery and issuance respectively at first. And they may make compromise at every detail, so the final contract is the combination of many little agreements. The negotiating structure is linked with cultures. Negotiating structure mostly refers to the number of the participants. In business negotiation, the foreign delegation is usually composed by 3-5 people, while the Chinese one could be more 15 people. The foreign negotiators not only need to negotiate with their counterparts but also need to discuss with related person in charge or the government. When making the final decisions, the Chinese negotiators often discuss the results repeatedly from the workers to the board to avoid being decided by a single person. That results from the influence of collectivism. So they often said to their partners: Let us think about it. Let us discuss it. But the west negotiators could make the final decision without going back for discussion. That because their admire individualism and hard working. They have strong independence. They would carry on according to the best ways after knowing their goals. What’s more, most west people think that they have the ability to deal with the negotiation situation on their own. And truly, they are brave enough to take responsibility. 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation The thinking model of Chinese tends to be comprehensive, concrete and curved, while the Americans are usually analytic, abstract and straight-line. We Chinese are accustomed to talking about general principles at first and then move onto details. To Chinese negotiators, the core is the general guideline, and the details are subject to the guideline. After figuring out the big picture, other problems are easier to resolve. It is the most obvious feature of Chinese negotiators. But west businessmen, especially Americans are likely to discuss the details first and try to avoid the principle. They value details very much and think noting about the unity. Accordingly, they want to discuss the details at the beginning of negotiation. They are direct and simple in negotiation. As a matter of fact, many facts show that General principles first have impact of constriction on the parts and details. For instance, our government insists on the principle that Hong Kong and Macao are undivided parts of China’s territory. In the important diplomatic negotiations such as Entering into relationship with America, Hong Kong’s and Macao’s Coming back into their motherland. It is under such principle that we established the tone of the negotiation and controlled the skeleton of the negotiation, thus we get the advantage and prompt the success of negotiation. 3. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures The culture differences in cross-cultural communication have various impacts on operation of enterprises. These differences will influence negotiation and management of transnational operation; what’s more, it may have bad effects on the harmonious relationship between our country and foreign countries. Maybe that will lead to the missing of market opportunities, the increase of trade cost and the low efficiency of company management. So, it is really necessary for us all to eliminate and avoid disadvantageous effects. 3. 1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. The negotiators must make good preparations if they want control the development of negotiation successfully in the complex situation. Only do they make good preparations can they make changes freely according to the situation of negotiation and avoid the happening of conflicts. Because the international business negotiation involves extensive aspects, more preparations are needed. The preparations often include the analysis of the negotiators themselves and the opponents; the constitution of negotiation group, elaborating the negotiating goal and strategy and going on imitation negotiation when necessary. When making preparations, you should try to know the opponents while you analyze yourselves. Analyzing yourselves mainly refers to studying if the project is feasible. To knowing about the opponents means understanding their strength such as credit status, the policy? business customs and regulations of their countries and the conditions of their negotiating members and so on. . 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice Tolerating different cultures and overcoming cultural prejudice contribute to better communicating with each other and understanding each other. West people often think that they are powerful, capable and experienced, so sometimes, we need to recognize then and give then some good comments. We should learn about the foreign cultures before negotiation a nd accept and understand their cultures in negotiation, because every country regard their own cultures as a matter of course and hope that their culture could be recognized and accepted. 3. Conquering Communication Barriers Two trains running at different railways in the opposite direction will collide with each other; maybe this is the best arrangement for trains. But to communication between people, there won’t be communications if people go ahead according to their own ways. Trains will collide with each other if they run on the same railway at the opposite direction. But if we measure by the objective of people’s communication, only we meet each other, can we have communication and friendship. In negotiation, sometimes we can’t make much progress although we have talked for long time. And sometimes both parties are not satisfied. After thinking, that is caused by communication barriers which happen easily in cross-cultural negotiation. We should make sure if there appear communication barriers, if so, we must overcome them. Generally speaking, we should pay more attention to the following three communication barriers in cross-cultural negotiation: the communication barriers caused by culture background of both; the ones caused by misunderstanding of the contents and information from the partner; the ones caused by not being willing to accept the opponent’s contents and ideas. Conclusion â€Å"Social Customs varies in different countries†. In a word, cross- cultural communication will meet the problem of culture differences surely. In turn, culture differences also influence all aspects of international business communication. To avoid or to resolve the culture differences is a huge task in international business negotiation. In order to step into the international market successfully, we must have the awareness of culture differences, acknowledge culture differences and understand different cultures. Try to know yourself and know them. What’s more, we should respect different behavior of businessmen under different culture background, and then we could reduce unnecessary conflicts resulting from not respecting the opponents. It is beneficial for both to form an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation, reduce culture differences and turn disadvantages into advantages and benefits. Thus, we could avoid conflicts and obstacles, then to promote communication and harmony in international business negotiation. Bibliography 1]George Yule. The study of Language[M]. Cambridge University Press,2000:202-209 [2]Harvey, Paul,,â€Å"The Oxford Companion to English Literature† [M]. London: Oxford University Press. 1978:23-25 [3]Philip R Harris, Managing Cultural Differences [M]. Gulf Publishing Company, 1987:234-260 [4]Wang Cheng fa. A Glimpse of Foreign Land [J]. Kaifeng: Henan Univesity Press, 2000:58-62 [5]. [M]. : ,2000:2-6 [6]  · —— [M]. : ,2004 [7].. [M] : ,2003:340-342 [8]. [M]. : ,2001 Acknowledgements As acknowledgements for my paper, only I — the writer is responsible for the shortcomings. I much acknowledges my thanks to all my teachers, especially to Miss Liu Mifan, my supervisor, who has provides me support, critical ideas and careful suggestions. I also want to thank my family who always give me time, encouragement and secretarial services, especially my parents. Finally, my classmate and friends, who provided thoughtful and thorough reviews of my paper, must be acknowledged.

Columbias Last Flight by Langewiesche

Columbias Last Flight by Langewiesche The reading under analysis is called Columbia’s Last Flight and is introduced by Langewiesche. In particular, the story reveals the journalist’ investigation and research on the reasons for the space shuttle disaster happened in February1, 2003.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Columbia’s Last Flight by Langewiesche specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author focuses on preliminary construction terms, NASA’s response to the tragedy, further investigations, and alternative methods for averting the tragedy. In addition, the author pays attention to negligent attitude of engineers and operators to risks detected at the preliminary stages of the shuttle launch. At the very beginning of the article, the journalist outlines the underpinnings for the flight, including the construction terms, as well as the importance and the purpose of the mission. In particular, Langewiesche emphasizes that the s pace shuttle journey was not of the primary importance, although the construction deadline was under the great pressure. Further considerations were dedicated to the accident, as well as to the events connected with it. In particular, the author focuses on the lack of awareness and failure of communication between the flight control board and the shuttle which became decisive factor influencing the tragedy. In the reading, the journalist insists that the shuttle was damaged by the foam block that broke off the fuel tank and struck the shuttle’s left wing. Despite the fact that the damage was noticed, â€Å"†¦the shuttle program managers†¦had dismissed the incident as essentially unthreatening† (Langewiesche 61). However, ignorance and improper assessment of the situation contributed to further irreversible complications. Further in the reading, the author refers to the analysis of investigation procedures and NASA’s responses to the tragedy. In fact, N ASA’s representatives rejected the idea of foam block damaging the left wing because the latter was made of temperature-proof material that was strong enough to resist even the most powerful hit. As a result, the NASA’s reputation was at stake because further explorations and discoveries justified negligence of the engineers and constructors. Apart from improper management of the construction process and lack of communication and reporting between the shuttle and the Space Center, there was a significant lapse in risk management. Specifically, Langewiesche discusses the alterative ways that the engineers could have employed during the rescue operation. On the one hand, launching the second shuttle to safe the crew was a risky business because there was a possibility of losing two shuttles.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, a carefully arranged contingency plan can save the lives of seventh people. The latter variant, however, also presupposes significant costs, which did not motivated NASA’s leaders. The journalist notes, â€Å"for all their willingness to explore less likely alternatives, many of NASA†s managers were stubbornly closed-minded on the subject of foam† (Langewiesche 73). Once again, the author emphasizes inconsistent approach of the government to the incident. At the end of the story, Langewiesche confesses that the details of the tragedy are quite sophisticated due to the involvement of technical, moral, and ethical issues. The human factor is also emphasized because all the parties involved in the issue failed to reach a consensus concerning the actual reason for the damage. Nevertheless, all aspects in total had become lethal for the seven pilots on the board of the cosmic shuttle. The story also provides many lessons to be learnt that relate specifically to the communication and crisis management. Specific attention should also be given to NASA’s reputation and their response to the disaster. Langewiesche, William. â€Å"Colambia’s Last Flight: The Inside Story of Investigation and the Catastrophe it Laid Bare†. The Atlantic Monthly, (2003): 58-87. Print.

7 Benefits That Will Persuade You to Attend an English Spoken Course

7 Benefits That Will Persuade You to Attend an English Spoken Course 7 Benefits That Will Persuade You to Attend an English Spoken Course Nowadays learning the English language Ã'â€"Ã'• trulÃ'Æ' a nÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"tÃ'Æ' for everyone. ThÐ µ IntÐ µrnÐ µt hÐ °Ã'• rÐ µÃ °llÃ'Æ' Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÐ µd Ð °n Ã'â€"ntÐ µrÃ' Ã ¾nnÐ µÃ' tÐ µd glÐ ¾bÐ °l community and its unÃ'â€"vÐ µrÃ'•Ð °l language Ã'â€"Ã'• EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h. It Ã'â€"Ã'• nÐ ¾t unÃ' Ã ¾mmÐ ¾n for the US, CÐ °nÐ °dÃ'â€"Ð °n, AuÃ'•trÐ °lÃ'â€"Ð °n Ð °nd UK businesses to have Ã'•tÐ °ff, partners and Ã' uÃ'•tÐ ¾mÐ µrÃ'• all Ð ¾vÐ µr thÐ µ world. ThÐ µ trÐ °vÐ µl Ã'â€"nduÃ'•trÃ'Æ', Ã'â€"ntÐ µrnÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Ã'€Ð ¾lÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã'• Ð °nd media are fully connected with EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h, so Ã'€Ð µÃ ¾Ã'€lÐ µ have come to the point that they nÐ µÃ µd tÐ ¾ Ã'•Ã'€Ð µÃ °k EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h mÐ ¾rÐ µ Ð °nd mÐ ¾rÐ µ. No matter whÐ µrÐ µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u lÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð ¾r what Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u do, fluency in English Ã'â€"Ã'• becoming a must to funÃ' tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã'â€"n todays society. Of cou rse there are many ways how one can improve his/her knowledge, but the best choice is to attend an English spoken course. Still don’t think that it is necessary to work at your English? Here are most important evidence to make you sure that English is a must: The International Language As one Ð ¾f thÐ µ most wÃ'â€"dÐ µlÃ'Æ' Ã'•Ã'€Ð ¾kÐ µn languages, English Ã'â€"Ã'• knÐ ¾wn as the Ã'â€"ntÐ µrnÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l language. EvÐ µn in Ã' Ã ¾untrÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• whÐ µrÐ µ it Ã'â€"Ã'• not thÐ µ Ð ¾ffÃ'â€"Ã' Ã'â€"Ð °l lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ, Ã'â€"t Ã'â€"Ã'• becoming mÐ ¾rÐ µ Ã' Ã ¾mmÐ ¾nlÃ'Æ' spoken. Media Now wÐ µ lÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ã'â€"n thÐ µ Media Age, and thÐ µ majority Ð ¾f the information Ã'â€"Ã'• Ã'â€"n English. Most wÐ µbÃ'•Ã'â€"tÐ µÃ'•, magazines, bÐ ¾Ã ¾kÃ'•, vÃ'â€"dÐ µÃ ¾Ã'• and research mÐ °tÐ µrÃ'â€"Ð °lÃ'• Ð °rÐ µ Ã'â€"n EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h as well. If you use thÐ µ IntÐ µrnÐ µt Ã'â€"n your studies Ð ¾r Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ð ¾nÐ °l Ð °ffÐ °Ã'â€"rÃ'•, undoubtedly, Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u have already rÐ µÃ °lÃ'â€"zÐ µd this. Business If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u have a desire tÐ ¾ dÐ ¾ buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• glÐ ¾bÐ °llÃ'Æ' or Ð µvÐ µn juÃ'•t in thÐ µ US market in the future, being good at thÐ µ EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h language wÃ'â€"ll bÐ µ a must fÐ ¾r you tÐ ¾ Ã'•uÃ' Ã' Ã µÃ µd. English-speaking Ã'€Ð µÃ ¾Ã'€lÐ µ have much grÐ µÃ °tÐ µr Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ð ¾rtunÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• for business growth or Ð µvÐ µn for getting a well-paid job. Career CÐ °rÐ µÃ µr opportunities fÐ ¾r people whÐ ¾ Ð °rÐ µ fluÐ µnt in EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h Ð °rÐ µ muÃ' h mÐ ¾rÐ µ Ð °bundÐ °nt thÐ °n for thÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µ whÐ ¾ Ð °rÐ µ nÐ ¾t. People whÐ ¾ lÃ'â€"vÐ µ in Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¾r areas of the wÐ ¾rld can Ð µÃ °Ã'•Ã'â€"lÃ'Æ' get hÃ'â€"gh-Ã'€Ð °Ã'Æ'Ã'â€"ng jÐ ¾bÃ'• Ã'â€"n the US just due to knowing English well. Homeworking and wÐ ¾rkÃ'â€"ng Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ Ã'â€"Ã'• bÐ µÃ' Ã ¾mÃ'â€"ng commonplace Ã'â€"n thÐ µ business wÐ ¾rld tÐ ¾dÐ °Ã'Æ'. Most AmÐ µrÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °n Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð °nÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• provide people from Ð ¾thÐ µr countries with jobs. English ThÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µ whÐ ¾ want to do business Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ wÃ'â€"ll bÐ µ interested tÐ ¾ knÐ ¾w that over 565 mÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"Ð ¾n of IntÐ µrnÐ µt uÃ'•Ð µrÃ'• are EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h speakers. ThÐ µ mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' Ð ¾f the websites are also in English. Needless tÐ ¾ Ã'•Ð °Ã'Æ', Ã'â€"f Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u wÐ °nt tÐ ¾ Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð µtÐ µ Ã'â€"n thÐ µ glÐ ¾bÐ °l market, EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h talking Ã'â€"Ã'• a rÐ µquÃ'â€"rÐ µmÐ µnt, Ð °nd bÃ'Æ' hÐ °vÃ'â€"ng your wÐ µbÃ'•Ã'â€"tÐ µ Ð °vÐ °Ã'â€"lÐ °blÐ µ in EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h, you wÃ'â€"ll Ã'â€"nÃ' rÐ µÃ °Ã'•Ð µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur rÐ µÃ °Ã' h Ð °nd readership by leaps Ð °nd bÐ ¾undÃ'•. Travelling Even if you Ð °rÐ µ nÐ ¾t interested Ã'â€"n dÐ ¾Ã'â€"ng business glÐ ¾bÐ °llÃ'Æ', you mÐ °Ã'Æ' hÐ °vÐ µ the Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ð ¾rtunÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ trÐ °vÐ µl abroad Ð °t different Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'â€"nts. WhÃ'â€"lÐ µ Ã'â€"t would bÐ µ Ã'â€"mÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'•Ã'â€"blÐ µ tÐ ¾ lÐ µÃ °rn Ð µvÐ µrÃ'Æ' language Ð ¾f the country Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u want tÐ ¾ vÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"t, juÃ'•t knÐ ¾wÃ'â€"ng English wÃ'â€"ll make your trÃ'â€"Ã'€ Ð µnjÐ ¾Ã'Æ'Ð °blÐ µ. Education MÐ ¾Ã'•t Ð ¾f the tÐ ¾Ã'€-rÐ °tÐ µd unÃ'â€"vÐ µrÃ'•Ã'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• Ã'â€"n thÐ µ world are Ã'â€"n EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h-Ã'•Ã'€Ð µÃ °kÃ'â€"ng Ã' Ã ¾untrÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• the US, the UK, AuÃ'•trÐ °lÃ'â€"Ð ° Ð °nd CÐ °nÐ °dÐ °. If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u are Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•Ã'â€"dÐ µrÃ'â€"ng Ã'•tudÃ'Æ'Ã'â€"ng Ð °brÐ ¾Ã °d, Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u wÃ'â€"ll nÐ µÃ µd tÐ ¾ bÐ µ fluÐ µnt Ã'â€"n English not only to Ã'•tudÃ'Æ' Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ'•Ð µ universities, but Ð °lÃ'•Ð ¾ tÐ ¾ pass Ð µntry exams as well as to obtain a Ã'€Ð µrmÃ'â€"tion for studying Ã'â€"n thÐ °t Ã' Ã ¾untrÃ'Æ'. Books frÐ ¾m Ð °ll Ð ¾vÐ µr thÐ µ wÐ ¾rld are often trÐ °nÃ'•lÐ °tÐ µd Ã'â€"ntÐ ¾ EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h, more Ð ¾ftÐ µn thÐ °n Ð °nÃ'Æ' Ð ¾thÐ µr language. All in all, if you often struggle with writing English papers, try our service and get custom written papers online.

Free sample - Alcoholism. translation missing

Alcoholism. AlcoholismAlcoholism is am addiction disease. It is widespread and serious disease, which exists in a modern world. Alcoholism brings consequences on physical, psychological, social and economical functioning of a person that consumes alcohol. Even if alcohol is being consumed for centuries, studying the harmful effects that alcohol causes started recently. In the beginning, alcoholism was not considered a disease, it was considered a vice. However, the World Health Organization declared alcoholism a disease in 1951, and the problem related to defining alcoholism appears. Defining alcoholism was difficult because the â€Å"alcoholism† includes variety of physical, psychological and social changes. Ayd defined alcoholism as a chronic disease with combined influence of genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors, which have strong influence in the development of alcoholism and its manifestations. It is considered as a progressive disease, which can be fatal, and it can be characterized by reduced control over consummation of alcohol, high level of preoccupation with alcohol, usage of alcohol (despite consequences), and possible appearance of distortions in thinking (such as denial) (27). Alcoholism is a chronicle disease, characterized with persistent consummation of alcohol, even with the knowledge of harmful effect that it produces. It manifests as incapability of controlling the act of drinking, and as a time goes by the whole life of an alcoholic is subordinated to drinking. The drinking is conducted, usually, on a daily basis, and it can be common for an alcoholic to deny this craving, although they do not want to eliminate the alcohol from their life. DSM IV classification represents alcoholism as an illness that includes alcohol abuse and dependence, which can be episodic or continuous. Alcoholism can be viewed as use of alcohol in a quantity and a frequency, which causes significant physiological, psychological, sociological or occupational problems (Ayd, 21). World Health Organization presented the following definition of alcoholism: â€Å"A chronic behavioral disorder manifested by repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in excess of the dietary and social uses of the community and to an extent that interferes with the drinker’s health or his social or economic functions† (Zimberg, 4.). Jellinek (via Zimberg) gave the classification of several types of alcoholism: â€Å"alpha alcoholism†, defined as an abuse of alcohol, which is used to relieve physical or psychological pain, without losing the ability to control the drinking, with no withdrawal symptoms and no significant progression of the disease. â₠¬Å"Beta alcoholism†, defined as an alcoholism that has no physical or psychological dependence; it can be progressive and can produce medical complications. â€Å"Gamma alcoholism† represents the type of alcoholism in which control over drinking does not exist, and it produces physical, psychological and social problems. â€Å"Delta alcoholism† is a type of alcoholism that produces physical, psychological and social problems, and the person that drinks has a potential possibility of abstaining from alcohol for some period. â€Å"Epsilon alcoholism† is described as a periodic binge drinking (4). Symptoms of alcoholism - There is no one symptom that could define the alcoholism. The symptoms of alcoholism can be diverse and can vary, mostly depending on the person that consumes alcohol.   Stimmel mentioned that the National Council on Alcoholism has developed a list of signs and symptoms for diagnosing alcoholism, and that they can be divided into two main groups: definitive and probable (103). According to National Council on Alcoholism (via Stimmel), definite symptoms are: physical dependency on alcohol, followed with tremor, hallucinations and seizures; changes in psychological functioning; influence of alcohol on a brain; complications caused by drinking alcohol; continuous drinking with no consideration to many medical contraindications; indiscriminate use of alcohol; alcoholic blackouts; blood alcohol level over the 0.15 -0.30 percent. Probable symptoms of alcoholism are: loss of control over drinking; repetitive drinking and/or morning drinking; repeated attempts to a chieve abstinence; excuses from work; denying alcoholism by changing the type of alcoholic beverage; lack of interest for activities that are not associated with consummation of alcohol; low ability to control the emotion of rage when drinking, possible suicidal thoughts when drinking; using of alcohol as a method to reduce insomnia, anger and depression (103). O'Neill and Sher have emphasized next group of symptoms: spending a lot of time during the day or night thinking about alcohol, neglecting obligation because of consummation of alcohol, being late or missing the school or work, feeling a strong need for a drink early in the morning, attempting to stop with drinking, and feeling dependent on alcohol. (496). Some other symptoms of alcoholism might be tolerance and withdrawal (with possible severe withdrawal symptoms - hallucinations or convulsions), reduction of the number of activities because of drinking, using alcohol in potentially dangerous situations (driving), and time spent drinking (the time spent to consume alcohol increases over time). As the time goes by, an alcoholic will have to drink more to achieve the same â€Å"effect† that alcohol provides, and there is a possibility to see them drinking alone, by themselves, and finding excuses for exaggerated drinking. Causes of alcoholism - The alcoholism is a disease, which is caused by interaction of multiple causes. Causes are often complex and they have become numerous during the time. Grant and Gwinner considered following factors as main factors which help development of alcohol dependence: biological (impact on central nervous system, metabolism of alcohol, sensitivity to alcohol), psychological (personality traits and attitudes), and socio-cultural factors (64). According to Gifford, the causes of alcoholism should be looked for in genetics, environment and neurology (29). Also, a person who has mood disorders (anxiety or depression) is at higher risk to become dependent from alcohol. Genetics: There are evidences that support the thesis of inherited predisposition to alcohol dependence (Gifford, 29). It can be manifested as person’s vulnerability to alcohol dependence, due to the functioning of opiate receptors and the functioning of a liver. However, having a parent that is dependent on alcohol does not mean that a person will become an alcoholic itself. Genetic predispositions combined with other groups of factors (such as environmental factors) might contribute to appearance of alcohol dependence. Environment: the influence of a family on person’s development can be seen in a behavior related to alcohol consumption. Children who have alcoholic parents are at four times higher risk of developing alcohol dependence than children whose parents do not consume alcohol (Gifford, 30). The contributing influence on alcohol drinking can be availability of alcohol, being surrounded with peers that consume alcohol, advertising of alcohol (making it attractive and desirable), conflicts at the work or in home, and the presence of a partner that consumes alcohol. Other authors summarize causes of alcohol dependence, and some of them are family influence, influence of a culture, and adult situation (McCord McCord, 150). Anthony et al. conducted a research that gave following results: males are more prone to develop alcohol dependence than women are (249). Person from age 25-34 years old are more prone to develop alcohol dependence (251). Lack of employment, low academic achievement can bring a risk of development of alcohol dependence (253). Neurology: abuse of alcohol causes changes in entire body, and it especially leaves harmful consequences to a sensitive tissue of the brain. The main consequences are related to disbalance of neurotransmitters. Consummation of alcohol can cause disbalance of chemicals in the brain tissue, and it can regulate, in some way, the chemical balance in the brain. Whenever this balance is disturbed the brain might cause the body to feel the need for alcohol, in order to keep the balance of chemicals in order, while, at the same time, brain gradually looses the ability to maintain the balance on its own (Gifford, 30). Impacts of alcoholism - Alcohol consumption leads towards many complications, which can be general and long term, and can involve every aspect of a person’s life. Impact of alcoholism can be seen in health condition, psychological functioning, and socio-cultural aspect of a person’s life. According to Gifford, the most common health problems related to alcohol dependency are: problems with endocrine system (liver-alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, which produces secondary effects: vitamin deficiency, decreased absorption of fat, damages in cell structure, low blood sugar, etc. (32, 33), pancreas-diabetes), and digestive system (damage of intestine’s walls (can cause bleeding), reducing the amount of digestive enzymes (34)). There are significant problems with cardiovascular system (blood-appearance of anemia, blood clots, suppressing of the immune system, problems with creation of platelet, heart-high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia (34, 35)). Sexual related problems include practicing sex without any protection (pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases), and the appearance of problems with sexual performance in males. Alcohol can influence on women’s pregnancy and cause fetal alcohol syndrome and numerous defects on a fetus, if a mother continues to drink during the pregnancy (36). Impact of alcohol on a nervous system is manifested on brain (disbalance of neurotransmitters and tissue degeneration. Some of the problems that can occur are amnesia, dementia, abstinence syndrome and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (35, 36)) and damages of nerves (peripheral neuropathy (36)). Alcohol can contribute to problems with respiratory system: lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis) and possible lung scarring (36). Impact on psychological life can be seen in appearance of depression and suicidal thoughts, anxiety, possible visual and auditory hallucinations (Spielberger, 126). Social complications are related to drunk driving, worse performance at work or at school, and relationship problems (Gifford, 39). Treatment of alcoholism – because alcohol dependency is a complex disease with various types of alcohol users, and numerous causes, the treatment of this disease should use the combination of multiple types of therapy. The most common therapy is based on a combination of psychological (â€Å"12 step facilitation†, group therapy-Alcoholic Anonymous (AA), â€Å"controlled drinking† (Spielberger, 126)), and pharmaceutical therapy (such as using of naltrexone). The behavioral therapy is being used in a combination with pharmacotherapy, because psychological treatment is, sometimes, not effective for all patients (Galanter, 4). The following statistic gives insight into the severity of the alcoholism as a social problem: 14 million people in the U.S.A. are alcohol dependent. 66% of the U.S.A. population consumes alcohol. 9.8 million men and 3.9 million women abuse alcohol or they think they are alcohol-dependent. 41% of all traffic fatalities in U.S.A. are caused by drinking alcohol. Approximately 43% of U.S.A. adults have had a child, parent, sibling or spouse who is dependent on alcohol, or was dependent on alcohol† (citation is retrieved from the internet site1). Ayd, Frank J. Lexicon of psychiatry, neurology, and the neurosciences. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000 Anthony, James C. , Warner, Lynn A., Kessler, Ronald C. Comparative Epidemiology of Dependence on Tobacco, Alcohol, Controlled Substances, and Inhalants: Basic Findings From the National Comorbidity Survey. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1994. Vol. 2, No. 3, 244-268 Galanter, Marc. Research on alcoholism treatment: methodology, psychosocial treatment, selected treatment topics, research priorities. Springer, 2003 Gifford, Maria. Alcoholism. ABC-CLIO, 2009 Grant, Marcus, Gwinner, Paul. Alcoholism in perspective. Taylor Francis, 1979 McCord, William Maxwell, McCord, Joan. Origins of alcoholism. Stanford University Press, 1960 O'Neill, Susan E., Sher, Kenneth J. Physiological Alcohol Dependence Symptoms in Early Adulthood:A Longitudinal Perspective. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4, 493-508 Spielberger, Charles D. Encyclopedia of applied psychology, Volume 1. Academic Press, 2004 Stimmel, Barry. Alcoholism, drug addiction, and the road to recovery: life on the edge. Routledge, 2002 Zimberg, Sheldon. The clinical management of alcoholism. Psychology Press, 1982

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Organizational Development in HRD Change Model Research Paper

Organizational Development in HRD Change Model - Research Paper Example harmaceutical industry is also risky because to develop a drug requires huge investments and out of the many thousands of discovered compounds, only one might be approved drug for sale with the failure rate being high and very difficult to get the return on investment. Also, the high stakes required at the organization if the research and development shows that the total cost of the project does not reach the fruition needed. The organization also is also experiencing that the costs of healthcare have consistently raised faster than the GDP thus creation of an unsustainable situation in healthcare systems, whether it is publicly or privately funded. As a result, new barriers have been erected to market entry; pressures have increased on the pricing, reimbursement, and besides customers are increasingly demanding for evidence of the â€Å"value for money†. The costs of doing research and development have risen more sharply than the rate of inflation, while the number of drugs that were reaching the market has steadily fallen. Changes will pave way for improved integration between the company’s customer service activities, underwriting, and excellence in operations Vision is the strong belief focused on the right course of action. It is the most vital component when faced high uncertainties and actions are hard to contract. The vision of the organization: provision of access to safe, effective and affordable medicines and the related health care services to the people. Mission: Our priorities are God, people, and business. The core values of the organization: Leading portfolio of products and medicines that supports , wellness and safety of the population; committed to the application of science and our resources to improve the health and well being at every stage of life by providing high quality drugs; efficiency in the provision of services; operating on transparency; working in partnership with everyone from the patients to the health care providers to world

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Dimensions of national culture - Essay Example As human beings evolve so does their culture (Marcus, 1995). People are always striving to improve their state of living for the better. This is done by improving their clothing to fit in better with the weather conditions, while at the same time coping with the need to make them fashionable and easy to keep to hygienically clean. Music, theatre, fine arts, language and literature are developed in order to add some color and entertainment in everyday living, as well as improve on communication. Sports and educational syllabuses are also developed for entertainment and improvement of skills. All these facets of life among others keep on changing from one form the other thus enriching culture (Marcus, 1995). All of these developments are recorded for future references in different symbols including writing, drawings, cave paintings or passed from one person to another orally. As this culture is passed on it is modified through innovation, borrowing from others. Elements like language t herefore constantly improve and diversify as time goes by (Cohen, 1985). This paper sets out to analyze the development of national culture and to explain why people within a certain nationality or region typically develop traits that are unique to themselves. The paper looks at how different cultural backgrounds affect persons working within an organization. It also explains the effects impede or support the realizations of the objectives of the said organization. Elements of Organizational Culture Every nation is renowned for certain things. For instance the vast majority of people of Britain enjoy association football [also known as soccer] whose rules were founded in that country in 1863; very much. This is different when compared to Americans who prefer their own version of football which is closer to the Rugby that is also loved a lot in Britain (Maccambridge, 2004). This same case applies to organizations. According to Hofstede (1980), national culture directly influences org anizational culture. Organizations exist within countries and are therefore influenced by the prevailing culture within them. In his study of national cultural influences he identified four dimensions of culture. These he classified as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism vs individualism and masculinity vs femininity (Hofstede, 1980). The first dimension, power distance, refers to the difference of power allowed by the society between the highest and lowest echelons of power. A high power difference score means that there is a great difference between the power wielded and the privileges enjoyed by people high ranking individuals and their lower ranking counterparts within the organization (Schein, 2005). A low score on the other hand means that everybody in the organization enjoys almost equal rights to anybody else (Schein, 2005). The measure of power distance in different nationalities revealed that countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark and Israel had some of the lowest power distance levels while sub-Saharan African and Malaysia among others had the highest (Hofstede, 1980). The second one uncertainty avoidance refers to extent of anxiety about the unknown in a society. In cultures where there is strong uncertainty avoidance, people prefer operating with explicit rules and laws that govern labor and social relations. Employees in this system tend to keep the same job for long since they feel less

Economics 319-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics 319-1 - Essay Example The financial crisis put to waste years of growth and resulted to unfathomable harm the fundamental productivity of the economy. One of a direct result of financial crisis is the loss of paper wealth (that can be measured monetarily). Loss of paper wealth has an indirect effect on the real economy in that it effects are felt incase depression or recession follows. The 2007-2009 financial crisis originated from within the United State market. it coincided with what many saw as a shift from the geopolitical dominance of the United States to a multi-polar international framework. It was not accident but rather a mistake driven by deregulatory mentality that took half a decade of post-New Deal financial stability for granted. The crisis was a failure of free market capitalism and over regulation which helped sow the seed of the crisis. The world experienced the most severe financial crisis in most recent times since Second World War. It was precipitated by sub-prime mortgages crisis which became apparent to the wider public in the year 2007. In 2008, it became a global financial crisis, and consequently into a global economic down turn that forced many countries to into recession. Stock market fell, large financial institutions collapsed and government had to come up with rescue packages to bail out the financial systems (Manuel, 2009). For a clear understanding of the crisis there is need to look at the economic happenings of Post -world war II. This period shows a significant decline in the rate of profit in the economy of the United States. From 1950 to mid 1970s, profit rates declined almost by 50%. As in past depression times, this decline triggered reduction in business investment, and consequently slower growth and higher unemployment rate. As a result many governments adopted expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. However the policies resulted to higher inflation rates

Green Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green Politics - Essay Example Green politics began its earliest cruise in the form of the Green Party that was formed in 1980. This party began as a third party that follows a broad political ideology of global justice and preservation of the ecology. This was followed by a worldwide spurt of similar green parties. In Australia, the same decade saw the birth of the Green Australia Party. It came from the Franklin River Dams campaign during the 1980s which proposed to address issues like peace and democracy at the grassroots level. (www.wikipedia.com) Britain soon followed suit with environmental politics high on its list of priorities. With a formal panel of 'green' advisors, Britain's green political movement has addressed issues that basically have to do with the environment more than anything else. Meanwhile, in Canada, the Green Party of Quebec took off in the 1980s to address issues like ecological preservation and other issues in the same vicinity. (www.wikipedia.com) These parties have made a point in a world where limited resources and unchallenged use of the same are coming under fire. They have managed to have a representation in governments apart from drawing attention to causes in the form of a place of priority on worldwide agendas. (www.wikipedia.com) One of the most basic features of green politics that makes it neithe... Foresight helps a green politician perform in accordance with issues that will influence the times to come for at least seven generations. Free of alignments that could tie it down in terms of leftist or right hand ideologies, green politics is that form of politics that creates the vision for furthering causes and catering to a more wholesome humanitarian purpose. By making use of foresight more than anything else, green politics helps in a global integration of goals and results. (Hawkins, 2006) Globalization Another important feature of green politics lies in its ability to combine global issues on a very global platform. Through its efforts to secure representation in national governments, green politics seek to address global issues rather than focus merely on national ones. Globalization is a real phenomenon that is fast combining the collective conditions of economic interests, peace efforts and other such endeavors that put issues on the map and help find solutions that will benefit the entire world. With an increase in the phenomenon known as globalization and the wide use of technology as a complementary feature, human society has changed and the needs have increased manifold. Changes in the political, economical and cultural arena have challenged and effected alterations within various professions. The autonomy of nation states and political parties has been under challenge because the global arena has tried to decrease it so to reduce their power and status. Also, trust has been replaced by target setting accountability as client-professional interactions have been limited in order for services and companies' profits to be increased. Finally, all these changes have affected and put under challenge international politics. This is further

Innovation and Change (CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE CLAIM THAT ANY Essay

Innovation and Change (CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE CLAIM THAT ANY ORGANISATION CAN LEARN TO BE INNOVATIVE) - Essay Example Innovation fuels improvement: improved products and features, improved methods, and improved knowledge†. In this regard, the essay aims to address the following crucial issues: (1) to define ‘innovation’ and to explore the extent to which it can be promoted and embedded in an organisation; (2) to determine diverse approaches, strategies, techniques and issues around this issue; (3) to respond and address the question: can any organisation draw on them and learn to be innovative? (4) To find out which approaches, strategies and techniques deemed particularly interesting or significant or important vis-a-vis the question and the rationale for one’s choice. ... 39). Tucker’s suggestions also tie in with the incremental innovation strategy, suggesting ‘Building on current resources can increase product innovation’. Therefore it could be argued that any organisation can learn to be innovative with the appropriate resources. The experience of Mark Zuckerberg founder of Facebook is a prime example of an individual’s pursuit to introduce an innovative method of networking. His foundation was instrumental in launching Facebook, a social networking site that revolutionized online interconnections and interface (Carlson, 2010).The application of his innovative design could be synonymous to the concept of fordism, where mass consumption as combined with mass production, produce sustained economic growth and widespread material advancement. Despite the controversies and challenges that Zuckerberg encountered, he remained steadfast and determined to take accountability to adhere to the ideals and philosophies he believed in. Carlson (2010) has revealed that â€Å"the site has become one of the biggest web sites in the world, visited by 400 million people a month† (p. 1). This would also suggest that entrepreneurial talent is required in order to make an innovation successful. Likewise, learning about innovation theories is a matter of decision and commitment. The theories on the 4Ps of innovation (product, process, position and paradigm) (see diagram 1) could easily be learned from academic sources (Kostic, 2003, par. 3). But the experience of Facebook exemplifies innovation as a paradigm due to the major shift in thinking demonstrated by Zuckerberg that has beenradical in revolutionizing social networking

Green Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green Politics - Essay Example Green politics began its earliest cruise in the form of the Green Party that was formed in 1980. This party began as a third party that follows a broad political ideology of global justice and preservation of the ecology. This was followed by a worldwide spurt of similar green parties. In Australia, the same decade saw the birth of the Green Australia Party. It came from the Franklin River Dams campaign during the 1980s which proposed to address issues like peace and democracy at the grassroots level. (www.wikipedia.com) Britain soon followed suit with environmental politics high on its list of priorities. With a formal panel of 'green' advisors, Britain's green political movement has addressed issues that basically have to do with the environment more than anything else. Meanwhile, in Canada, the Green Party of Quebec took off in the 1980s to address issues like ecological preservation and other issues in the same vicinity. (www.wikipedia.com) These parties have made a point in a world where limited resources and unchallenged use of the same are coming under fire. They have managed to have a representation in governments apart from drawing attention to causes in the form of a place of priority on worldwide agendas. (www.wikipedia.com) One of the most basic features of green politics that makes it neithe... Foresight helps a green politician perform in accordance with issues that will influence the times to come for at least seven generations. Free of alignments that could tie it down in terms of leftist or right hand ideologies, green politics is that form of politics that creates the vision for furthering causes and catering to a more wholesome humanitarian purpose. By making use of foresight more than anything else, green politics helps in a global integration of goals and results. (Hawkins, 2006) Globalization Another important feature of green politics lies in its ability to combine global issues on a very global platform. Through its efforts to secure representation in national governments, green politics seek to address global issues rather than focus merely on national ones. Globalization is a real phenomenon that is fast combining the collective conditions of economic interests, peace efforts and other such endeavors that put issues on the map and help find solutions that will benefit the entire world. With an increase in the phenomenon known as globalization and the wide use of technology as a complementary feature, human society has changed and the needs have increased manifold. Changes in the political, economical and cultural arena have challenged and effected alterations within various professions. The autonomy of nation states and political parties has been under challenge because the global arena has tried to decrease it so to reduce their power and status. Also, trust has been replaced by target setting accountability as client-professional interactions have been limited in order for services and companies' profits to be increased. Finally, all these changes have affected and put under challenge international politics. This is further

The College of Business at VIP University Case Study

The College of Business at VIP University - Case Study Example The first being ranked position one, and the least performing being ranked 30. In the alternative rank order, the serial alternates between the best and the worst. On the hand, paired comparison identifies each student as a group and compares her/him with every member of the class independently based on a specified criterion. Forced distribution entails the distribution of students’ performance into three categories that are excellent, poor, and bad. The paired comparison comparative analysis is highly suited to examine the performance of the 30 students. The implementation of the method would first entail listing of the 30 students on a sheet of paper. Thereafter, the first student on the list would be compared with the second student on the list. Student with the better performance rating would be checked. Subsequently, the first student would be compared against all other 29 students, and the process repeated for all students. The student emerging with most checks would be the best performing in the class. The performance information of each student could be obtained from the students themselves, his or her peers, academic results, and personal evaluation by professor. In accordance with Lunenburg and Ornstein (2012) arguments, the paired comparisons are highly suited method of comparative performance measurement since it enables the comparison of each and every student’s performance based on specified qualities. The r esults from the analysis could further aid in the provision of individual student guidance in relation to the obtained

Research & expressing emotions Essay Example for Free

Research expressing emotions Essay Art has been one of the most prolific ways of expressing emotions and thinking by mankind. Most of the traditional artists have been using different mediums to make an art form. They range from clay to paints. But in this age of electronic media, art has also found some new mediums. Electronic art is the art form which started to emerge in early 1990’s and as a result of this many young artist from the new generation became famous. One of them is Eric Jordan. He is not just an artist; he is a philosopher and a businessman. Eric Jordan is the founder of 2Advanced.com.he founded 2Advanced when he was just 23. 2Advanced is regarded as one of the most creative web design companies in the world with clients like Ford, NBC, General Electric and many other Fortune 500 companies. Eric has been the main driving force behind 2Advanced. Eric started   Eric indulged in arts from a very early age when he started making sketches but soon moved to electronic media. He started by experimenting with different softwares but couldn’t get his hand on something which could really satisfy him to express his thinkings. During this point in life he discovered two softwares which would play a pivotal role in the life of Eric: Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Flash. He started using these softwares day and night, and his hard work result in eye-catching website of 2Advanced. Currently 2Advanced is in its fourth version of the website. His work became so famous that he got nominated and won the prestigious Webby Award. The famous 2Advanced website was created by Eric in the span of two weeks. The software he used was Adobe Flash, Adobe Photoshop and Freehand. To this date 2Advanced.com has been my favorite work designed by Eric. The blend of futuristic vision with eye-catching graphics and phenomenal graphics has taken Flash and Photoshop to new heights.   Apart from being famous for amazing work at 2Advanced Eric is also a famous DJ in California. He has an extreme passion for electronic music and has been playing electronic music since he was a teenager. He believes that he could bring his futuristic vision of the world to the electronic media and he has been successful in that by showing the work he has done in the field of web design. His work mostly depicts the world of future with a careful attention to detail. In an interview while describing the theory behind 2Advanced, Eric says: â€Å"Many people think the name â€Å"2advanced† was meant to imply mastery of everything, when in reality it constitutes a love of the future and the underlying feeling that somehow I wish I had been born in the distant future. Not because I don’t appreciate the era I was born in, simply because the idea of deep technological advances and a rise in the collective human consciousness are alluring to me. 2advanced was a way for me to tell the story. Some people pick up on the message, some don’t. But even if one person understands the 2advanced voice, it makes it all worth it.

Essay --

My Faith Experience Justified Have you ever been in a situation where you found yourself questioning you own believe? The world we live in today is very dynamic and most of us, if not all of us have had to do certain things that were personally were against our will thus we somehow compromised our own faith. We all believe in something. Don’t we? The important thing to not about faith is that it is indirectly our world view. What we believe is maps how we view the world view and how we survive our daily lives. My Christian walk of faith has not been easy but through God’s guidance & mercy I am able to give this testimony. The doctrine of justification by faith is an interesting bubble in Christian theology that has affect our understanding of God and his parameters. Having been raised up in an Adventist home â€Å"a blessing in disguise â€Å"I was dedicated to the lord by a pastor in one Adventist church. I personally believe this was the start of my Christian journey. Despite being a few weeks old and not knowing what was happening, this ceremony was the inception of a new way of life. The world somehow believes that we are born with guilt and a predetermined penalty of sin which is true. (Psalm 51:5) Firstly, why would people want to declare themselves righteous sinners if Christ came as the sacrificial atonement? Martin Luther is one 16th century reformer who questioned his faith at a critical time while he was in an Augustinian monastery. After much studying and contemplation he came out in the open to critique the authority of the church (The Catholic Church). When I analyze Luther’s stance, I picture it in my life as those small reforms that I engaged in that have actually led to me being a better person. These may have had to do wi... ... special clique of Protestant churches except the old and single affirmation of Luther. The seventh day Adventists for example have been able to recognize and adopt that despite being protestant they exist because they are waiting for a second coming; the Advent and that has become the basis of the mission. To sum up, Augustine’s view on actual sin by grace is crucial for the existence of mankind. Man ought to live in grace that yields its intended effect without fail and not opposing human freewill. John Calvin concurs as he says that â€Å"perfect freedom is when a person follows the will of God† (History through the eyes of Faith p.133). In closing Augustine view on actual sin by grace is vital in the lives of mankind. It has even helped reformers of the Ages like M. Luther make substantial changes to the Christian church and it undoubtedly can help you and me today.

Death Penalty - Catholics and Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Catholics and Capital Punishment Catholic opponents of the death penalty sometimes seem to lose sight of the primary purpose of punishment. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says, "Punishment has the primary aim of redressing the disorder introduced by the offense." If I commit a serious offense against society, I bring about a disorder, and the point of punishment is to reestablish the lost order. If I willingly accept my punishment, "it assumes the value of expiation." And it can protect you from future crimes I might commit. The Catechism thus gives three purposes of punishment: defending public order, protecting people, and moral change in the criminal. Paragraph 2267 reminds us that "the traditional teaching of the church does not exclude recourse to the death penalty" but then adds, "if this is the only possible way of effectively defending human lives against the unjust aggressor." This appears to make a secondary purpose of punishment override the primary. That appearance has led to some fuzzy thinking. The correct meaning must be that the primary aim of punishment can be achieved short of exacting the death penalty. A single means-say, life imprisonment-restores the order lost by the crime, protects society against future crimes of the incarcerated, and gives the prisoner a chance to repent. The paragraph should not be read as making the protection of society trump everything else. Why? Because imprisonment protects society against future possible crimes. But the criminal cannot be punished for what he might do; he is in prison because of what he has already done. If life imprisonment is to serve the primary purpose of punishment, it must, like the death penalty, be primarily justified as sufficiently "redressing the disorder introduced by the offense." Paragraph 2267 is concerned exclusively with a secondary purpose of punishment: protecting society. Unless, as suggested, "protecting society" be taken to comprehend "redressing the disorder." (Paragraph 2266 distinguishes "defending public order" from "protecting people's safety.") One sometimes hears in the clamor to end the death penalty that retribution is no longer the aim of punishment. But if there is no cause for retribution, punishment is unjust: All that would excuse it is the fear that someone might in the future harm us and that solitude might better his soul. Enthusiasm sometimes obscures the fact that the Catechism "does not exclude recourse to the death penalty." However rare such recourse might be, even if it were only once in a millennium, it would have to be justified.

Critical Evaluation Of An Emergency Plan Health Essay

In this essay, a critical rating of an exigency program is made. This is the generic exigency program of Holy Trinity School located in Bristol. This will be covered in Part A. In Part B, a brooding analysis of my experience as a participant in a table top exercising is made. It will besides analyze the effectivity of the exercising in comparing with other types of exercisings.Part AThere are a figure of ordinances that have been set out by the authorities to guarantee that the hazards of exigencies happening are mitigated and the authorities have besides met a figure of guidelines that organisations need to follow when they are outlining their exigency program for their organisation or topographic point. This essay will critically measure the exigency program that has been adopted by the Holy Trinity School, ( Bristol ) . Audit Commission Emergency Planning Self Assessment Tool and Preparing for Emergencies ( referenced in the ulterior portion of the assignement ) have been used as a footing of measuring the exigency programs. Critical remarks are highlighted in bold refelcting the appraisal of the emergecny program. Harmonizing to the Civil Duty Act stated in Emergency Preparedness ( 2005 ) there are three basic maps that all organisation must follow with. First, all organisations must guarantee that there are programs in topographic point to guarantee that exigency state of affairss are prevented. This includes taking preventative steps to guarantee that even if the exigency does occur so there are stairss in topographic point to guarantee that the exigency does non acquire out of manus and it can be handled by the organisation. Organizations must besides guarantee that all stairss are taken to seek and forestall the event from taking topographic point. From the position on the exigency program for Holy Trinity Primary School, instruction plays a really of import function in every person ‘s life and parents non merely set all their religion in schools in supplying this cognition to their childs but besides to safeguard their childs whilst making so in the premises of the school. This duty is taken attention of by the staff in charge in the schools, the governor and the other caputs of school. In the exigency program papers of Holy Trinity School, they have identified a figure of different hazards that can happen in the school and have taken preventative actions in order to guarantee that the chance of this hazards from happening are minimum, delight see APPENDIX 1 for more inside informations ( Holy Trinity Primary School, 2005 ) . Therefore their initial appraisal and bar for the hazards that may do exigencies are effectual and good documented. The 3rd map that the school must make is to guarantee that they maintain a program to guarantee that action is taken harmonizing to it in instance of an exigency. This will besides include in covering with the secondary impacts of the exigency. For illustration the school must hold a backup program in topographic point to guarantee that they can cover with the media, public, parents of the school. In Holy Trinity ‘s exigency program they have non included how they are traveling to cover with the parents, imperativeness, media and the populace if an exigency on a big graduated table does happen. The school must take action in order to amend their program to guarantee that they do hold a subdivision which inside informations how and who will manage the secondary impacts of the incident. The graduated table of the exigencies and their actions should besides be documented in the exigency action programs harmonizing to the ( Emergency Preparedness 2005 ) . This will assist those who are in the exigency direction squad to entree the hazards and act harmonizing to the graduated table of the hazard. Holy Trinity school has outlined the different types of hazards that the school is exposed to, for illustration they have dividend exigencies into two classs major and minor, but one of the drawbacks of this subdivision is that there is no item description on how to manage these two different state of affairss ( Holy Trinity Primary School, 2005 ) . This is necessary as those involved would necessitate to cognize what actions and stairss are needed to be carried out in instance of a major incident or in instance of an minor incident. Furthermore the exigency direction program should besides be Risk Driven, harmonizing to Blanchard and Lawrence ( 2007 ) have suggested that exig ency plans must be hazard driven which means that those involved in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours direction of hazards must utilize sound hazard direction techniques in order to guarantee that all the hazards are accurately identified, assessed, prioritized, mitigated and the right figure resources are attached to the peculiar hazard. Hazard directors should place all types of hazards which would include both adult male made and natural events that can happen. These appraisals should be made on the exposure of the factors that would play an of import function in doing the exigency. This has been good documented in the school ‘s exigency plan where they have outline all the factors that they think adult male and natural events that can present as an jeopardy and have mitigated these hazards separately, which is an effectual preventative measure. Another major rule of exigency planning is integrating. Harmonizing to Blanchard and Lawrence ( 2007 ) all the activities in incorporating the exigency should be integrated by all the member of the squad and the organisation so that persons at all degrees of the organisation know what their portion is when an exigency occurs. For illustration in the school ‘s state of affairs the wellness and safety section should organize with the exigency and medical squads and guarantee that they have regular plans that are in topographic point and are practiced sporadically to guarantee everyone knows what the program is in the clip of an exigency. This portion has been really good executed by the school ‘s exigency plan where they have a list of people who are involved in the hazard and exigency plan and each of their names and their duties are given besides their names ( Holy Trinity Primary School, 2005 ) . Flexibility is another of import characteristic of the exigency direction p rogram, therefore the exigency trough must happen advanced and flexible thoughts in work outing catastrophes and should guarantee that these methods comply with the standard authorization for wellness and safety. The directors need to be knowing is the Torahs, policies and processs and pull a figure of programs for different sort of exigency state of affairss. This will guarantee that the organisation is covered from all sides in instance of exigencies. Finally one of the last rules of exigency direction is to do certain that all those who are involved in the exigency direction squad are good qualified to manage assorted wellness and safety jeopardies. All persons must be given equal preparation sing different sort of state of affairss such as a fire or chemical jeopardy. The school has non provided any inside informations sing the preparation and cognition that the people involved within the squad have in order to manage assorted sorts of catastrophes ( Robert & A ; Andrew 2001 ) . It is indispensable that all the staff are trained and good equipped and hence each one will cognize which person has specialized in what sort of jeopardy. We shall now look into what are the existent elements of the exigency program and if Holy Trinity School complies with the elements that have been provided by the Cabinet office Emergency Preparedness program. Harmonizing to the Emergency Preparedness the chief elements of the exigency program are aims, information about the specific jeopardy, the existent execution program for the exigency, all the processs associating to the program, people and their undertakings, the designation of the legal facets at all the different phases of the jeopardy, topographic point where major of the exigencies will be handled and in conclusion all the contact inside informations of those who are involved in pull offing jeopardies in the organisation ( Robert & A ; Andrew 2001 ) . After critical review of Holy Trinity School ‘s exigency program it has been noticed that most of the elements laid down by the Cabinet office is present on their program but there are certain elements losing such as th e Stand down processs sing the incident. The school have besides failed to implement the preparation agenda of the staff in their exigency program even though this is non perfectly necessary, I would personally experience and it is expected that the direction should hold their preparation agenda in the program so that every person knows what their specialisation is sing to a peculiar jeopardy ( Emergency Preparedness 2005 ) . Now that the existent elements of the program have been scrutinized, the communicating degree of the school will now be evaluated in the event of an incident. Firstly it is of import to inform all the people within the school of the possible jeopardies and information on how to manage the state of affairs should besides be available. Within this context, the school fails to inform people within the school in covering with specific jeopardies. Even though the school does hold a hebdomadal fire dismay drill, they have non taken the clip to inform employees and pupils on how to really undertake specific jeopardies if they happen. This is a important portion of the exigency program and must be adopted in immediate affect in order to guarantee that those in the premises are self cognizant on how to manage a catastrophe ( School Emergencies 2005 ) . Second depending on the degree of the exigency different parts of the populace will be addressed. It is of import that when the exigency does happen a communicating officer must take charge of the communicating that takes topographic point between the organisation and the populace. It is of import that a interpreter of the organisation takes charge of informing the populace. Initial communicating must be between the exigency squads, victims, constabularies and the ambulance services in order to incorporate and curtail the harm caused by the incident ( School Emergencies 2005 ) . Close household should so be informed about the affair and they must be kept informed at a regular footing. The interpreter must be familiar with the legal facets of the state of affairs and should move in conformity before facing the media with statements to the populace ( cabinet office 2005:44 ) . In Holy Trinity school ‘s exigency plan the communicating officer has been identified and he is responsible for all communicating that takes topographic point between the school and the populace. In the concluding phase is the recovery subdivision of the exigency program. Harmonizing to which it is critical for the organisation to guarantee that there are stairss in topographic point so that after the event concern continuity can take topographic point. This should be done through the designation of the critical facets of the organisation and guarantee that these services are up and running every bit shortly as possible. In the instance of the school instruction the pupils is the critical component and hence all attempts must be made to guarantee that categories can get down every bit shortly as possible without endangering the safety of the staff and the pupils ( School Emergencies 2005 ) . Holy Trinity school has ignored this subdivision of the exigency program as there is no description of how the school ‘s is traveling to get by through the recovery from the catastrophe. It is indispensable for the school to place and be after their scheme as to how they are traveli ng to acquire the services to run every bit shortly as possible after an exigency has occurred. This program would assist accelerate the passage from the catastrophe to normalcy. To reason even though Holy Trinity School has a really brief exigency program they have described some of the critical subdivision of an exigency program but on the downside they have a figure of amendments to be made and a figure of subdivisions that need to be included in their exigency program. Most of their description about the exigency program has been really brief and short and they need to be more elaborative on each of the topics that have been outlined in their papers in order for everyone to acquire a clearer apprehension of the assorted elements such as the hazards, extenuation of hazards, engagement, communicating, execution of the program and eventually the recovery ( Emergency Preparedness 2005 ) . This will assist them to cut down the likeliness of an exigency from happening and will besides guarantee that even if it does it will be controlled.

English Speech Essay

Objective: Copy and paste the questions and your answers, or attach your document. Remember to include your speech defending King George or supporting Patrick Henry, following the instructions in the lesson. 1. According to Patrick Henry, what is the basic question being debated at the Virginia Convention? Henry states that the debate was â€Å"nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery.† He then defined the level of the situation and says that slavery is a â€Å"retreat†. 2. What reasons does Henry offer to suggest that the British were not worthy of trust at that time? Henry’s main reason was that it was the British were collecting and gathering military services that are an essential for America. 3. What argument does Henry provide against the notion that the colonies are too weak to fight the British? He provides the argument that God has provided them with the required power to battle their enemy/rivals. If they sit around and continue to do nothing, they cannot win the battle. 4. What is Henry implying when he says that he is loyal to â€Å"the majesty of heaven†¦above all earthly kings†? What tone (manner in which an author expresses his attitude) does this statement hold? He is clarifying that he is loyal to God above anyone else. I believe the tone is a humble yet respectful one, though some may think otherwise. 5. Why are Henry’s final words so effective and memorable? His final words, â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death,† were so effective and memorable, because not only have they been used numerous times over the years, also they have become a representation and guide for our country. For him to say that to die for slavery as an alternative to having freedom is a very powerful and daring message that he finalized in his speech. 6. A rhetorical question is a question posed to emphasize a point, not for the purpose of getting an answer. Henry uses this device extensively throughout his speech. Find one example in the speech, quote it and explain what point he is emphasizing with those particular questions. â€Å"Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot?† In this rhetorical question, he is attempting to get the perspective that it is essential to do something. Otherwise, they cannot just believe and live on the hope that the British will overcome them; they  must fight back eventually. 7. Parallel structuring is the repeating of phrases or sentences which are similar (parallel) in meaning and structure; repetition is the repeating of the same word or phrases to create a sense of rhythm and emphasis. Find an example of parallel structuring and repetition in the speech. Explain why this device is effectively placed in the speech. â€Å"I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House.† The expression â€Å"judging by the past† gives Henry a sort of â€Å"justification† to what he is indicating. It is effectively placed in the speech because it further underlines his information of the circumstance. 8. Allusion is a reference in a speech to a familiar person, place, thing or event. Henry uses two allusions in his speech (they are highlighted in blue).What is the source of each of these allusions? -The first allusion is to mythology. â€Å"Sirens† were women in Ancient Greek mythology who were seductive and dangerously deceptive. Henry uses this to say that Americans should not be listening to the voices of the sirens, rather doing what they know is right. -This allusion is to the Bible (in the book of Luke, I believe). Jesus was with Judas and was explaining that a real friend would not kiss you and then turn around and betray you 9. Syntax is the study of sentence structure. Observe the length of the sentences in the first and last paragraphs of the speech. What differences do you find? How do these differences affect the tone of the speech? I find that as the speech gets closer to the end, the sentences get longer. This is highly effective, because shorter sentences cause a sense of urgency and forcefulness in his speech. 10. Diction is an author’s word choice, in this case the orator’s choice of words. In the third paragraph, Henry uses a string of verbs (highlighted in orange): petitioned, remonstrated, supplicated, implored. They are arranged in a climactic order, flowing from the mildest to the strongest. Find four synonyms for these verbs, and rewrite that sentence using your choices. Are they as effective as Henry’s choices? Why or why not? Petitioned: Appealed Remonstrated: Opposed Supplicated: Pleaded Implored: Beseeched Original: We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Reorganized: We have appealed; we have opposed; we have pleaded; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have beseeched its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. -I reflect on both passages, and believe that it doesn’t contain a climatic order prior as the original. To compare, I don’t consider that is has its same meaning and contextual purpose as the original. I agree with the verbs previously than having to change them, as they had more of a connotation with it being in his speech. Speech: Option B: â€Å"Someone must support Patrick Henry so that his impassioned speech does not go to waste! You agree with what he has said and want to show your support. You take the floor with a dignified stance, clear your throat and say . . .† Unites States of America. Home of the free. Land of the brave. This is our country. Our lives depend on the philosophies on which we act upon, which requires much responsibility for us to defend. So, what then defines bravery? Bravery is not contained of inactive potential. Bravery is not courage, yearning, or determined reflections. It does not, nor should it not yield to the British. It is evident that they have amassed an army against us. They very well can perhaps overcome us and inhabit our homes if you like. This would be such a slap in the face, would it not? To sit back in an indolent state of obedience, retreating in fear. Do you want to be a nation overcome by the sensation of emptiness or failure? To answer that question, merely walk outside. Gaze at our flag that flows in the wind with pride and triumph. Henry’s speech was a call to action. If we do not have liberty, what are we? Without liberty and power, the American frame will develop into a fragment of the world’s recollection, disappearing in the shingles of time. You exist in in the home of the brave; Let us reinforce ourselves against malevolent and express integrity.