Bornstein :: essays research papers

Although Bornstein argues that gender is entirely socially constructed I find it hard to bank that he is completely correct. I do agree that gender is influenced by the world we are born into. I understand that from birth we are partially programmed by our society to become something, but I do not agree that this is the determining factor in what we become as people. I feel that its simply a small part of our modern society (known as traditions) that are fighting to fit us in a certain category. Furthermore, Id like to believe that most of todays society is helping us express our own individuality.I am not a stranger to social construction. I was born to a very strict Roman Catholic Italian family. My grandfather worked construction 50 hours a week while my grand beat tended seven children. My own mother was not even allowed to attend college because they believed that "girls werent supposed to go to college". Inequality and gender difference was very visible. Do to social construction, my mother grew up believing that on that point were certain jobs for men and certain jobs for women. Ironically it was the changing society of the late 60s and early 70s that gave my mother the motivation to question tradition. I feel that in this property its not society in general that constructs gender but simply ignorance through tradition. In my mothers case it wasnt society at all but except her families strict traditional values that tried construct her into the "traditional women" figure.Even though many years have past since my mother has grown up and much has changed traditional values still play a part in how gender difference is created in society. In my own life my family has influenced my views on gender dramatically. When I was young I would listen to my grandfather ramble (in that myopic traditionally old fashioned tone so common of an onetime(a) generation) about the inadequacy of women drivers and the annoyances of having women in the wor kplace. As a young person his views were very impressionable and if I hadnt been corrected by my mother I whitethorn of easily carried these beliefs into adulthood. In another situation, if there was ever any mention of eating a microwave meal in front of my grandmother she would straightway begin a rant about how she used to cook breakfast, lunch and dinner for seven children, herself, and my grandfather everyday of the week with no exceptions.

Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

Explore the role and function of the narrators in Wuthering HeightsEllis Bell was criticised not only for the novels blasphemous nature and trigger-happy plot but a lack of conclusive moral. It seems freedom of expression was tolerated as long as the reader was left in no dubiousness of the righteous path. Bronte liberates the reader from this sense of duty and distinguishes her novel from its Victorian contemporaries. Helping to accomplish this task is her style of narration, being unusually structured in the concentrical circles of Lockwood and Nelly Dean. Lockwood descends on the Yorkshire moors, like the reader unaware of the turbulence that the beautiful country conceals. I have read that Brontes original purpose of the book was to memorialise Lockwood the meaning of love and her choice of name, Lockwood, implies a depth that is not on display nor easy to withdraw. (From this respect it is an ambitious novel for Emily Bronte to attempt as her life-time is from all accounts barren of much romantic attachment. Perhaps her impression of love mimics Isabella Lintons adoration for a Byronic Heathcliff, an ideal never quite within reach.) Lockwood strikes me as a character who is much astonished by his own intelligence, he dilutes his account of the Heights with Latinate words and pompous expressions, relaxed a little in the laconic style of chipping off his pronouns and auxiliary verbs. Either this is an early indication of his arrogance, later confirmed by his unlikely fear that Catherine would regret a union with Hareton on observing how tolerably attractive he was or possibly the primitive nature of the Heights provokes him to use terminology that he associates with fine-tune society in order to feel comfortable in an evidently uneasy situation. If this be the case Bronte mocks the established politeness of introduction showing his language to be simply a faade disguising his unsettled emotions. This language helps him to preserve his detached demean our as only once is the reader given an incursion to his insecure character. He relates an amusing incident in which a goddess he professed to be in love with hinted at a reciprocation of feeling that unfortunately caused him to flee rabbit-like, rapidly lessening the warmth of his glances. This minor incident demonstrates his inability to handle complex emotions and in comparison to the forthcoming passion of Cathy and Heathcliff, Lockwood appears all the more than sheltered. It is as though a distant relative of the Lintons has come to call.

Ambient Music And The Impulse Towards Deconstruction :: essays research papers

Out of Light cometh Darkness, dark ambient music and the beat towards deconstruction 2000 Daniel du Prie1. These recordings may be seen as a notation of our all of a suddenminded society, but not as a reaction against it, we will all become ambient dead heads, if not... (Archon Satani, In Shelter, liner note, 1994)If not, then ellipsis. The conditional clause of fact, followed by an open-ended ellipsis, where not only the conjunction between a conditional gift and an effected future (then...), but the whole of future time itself is omitted is a good way to immerse oneself in a description towards a running(a) definition of a difficult form of a popular underground music (I write popular because it is, in critical terms, usually excluded from the domain of spunky culture, or serious music, being more aligned with other popular underground genres, eg, industrial, death metal), that would seem to defy the very notion of popularity a priori I write of so-called dark ambient music . 2. Your attention is drawn to a notation of the future as ellipsis, as a potent form of signifying a coming-into-being that is never-yet, and may well never be, as a danger The future can only be anticipated in the form of an absolute danger. It is that which breaks short with the constituted normality and only be proclaimed, presented, as a sort of monstrosity (Derrida, 1974 3).This ellipsis of the future, signifying danger (becoming, in Archon Satanis space, dead headed), also dislodges the facilitate of the present, and of presence of the representing object, and its relation to the object represented, of the sign versus its referent. Hence the need for a notation, obtuse of signifying directives, not yet as a denotation and decoding, full of revealed meaning, of a certain type of society but only of the function of recording qua art in reality, over and against symbolised reality, and even without any metaphysical reality. Archon Satani refuse allowance for their recordings (not yet historicised as music, nor art) to be seen and hence, to be read as a reaction qua art against society we will all become ambient dead heads...3. In refusing music, and art, and reaction as historically revealed, politics are also seen to be refused. The future is one where the listener-subject will become as dead as the given inanimacy of the environment that surrounds her. Fundamentally psychoanalytic desires those hinged upon death and sex may be in nuance in such a statement.

Essay --

Introduction The Hedge fund industry is surrounded by many an(prenominal) debate and controversy. Lack of excessive returns, unclear impact, oversight on the market are all subjects of concerns for the public and market participants. The hedge fund industry worries low-spirited investors and financial professional who do not know how to accurately assess the risks associated with hedge funds. Hedge funds are mainly operating like vernacular funds but not the managers. Oversight and low regulation allow them to not make public information on their profits and losses or investment strategies. Hedge funds rely a lot on volumes to achieve profits. Systemic risk became a major part of the debate since LTCM in 1998.Story of LTCMBackground Long Term Capital Management - LTCM - was a hedge fund that was established in 1994 by John Meriwether who was a roaring bond trader at Salomon Br another(prenominal)s. Meriwether was one of the first on Wall Street who hired prof essors and academics who applied models based on financial theories to trading. This team demo an ability to precisely calculate risk and generated amazing returns (Goldberg, M., 2012). The partners of LTCM included a professor from Harvard University, Nobel Price-winning economists, a former vice president of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and other successful bond traders. This group of traders and academics attracted about $1.3 billion from different institutional clients (Goldberg, M., 2012).Investors were not allowed to take any money out for three years and give $10 million to get into the fund. Annual return in 1995 was 42.8% after management took 27% off the top in fees. In 1997 LTCM successfully weasel-worded most of the risk from the Asian currency crisis by ... ...ge (Goldberg, 2012).Should the Fed have intervened?In order to save the U.S. banking system, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of new-fangled York William McDonough convinced 15 bank s to bail out LTCM with $3.5 billion, in return for a 90% ownership of the fund. Also, the Fed started lowering the Fed funds rate as a assurance to investors that the Fed would do whatever it took to support the U.S. economy. Without that direct interference, the entire financial system was threatened with a collapse (Amadeo, 2012).However, the Fed brokered and intervened a better deal for the LTCM managers and shareholders. This was the precedent for the Federal Reserves bailout role with AIG, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac during the financial crisis. Once financial companies realized that the Fed would bail them out, they were more impulsive to take risks (Amadeo, 2012).

The Branding of IKEA Essay -- Business Management Studies Essays Paper

The Branding of IKEACompany backgroundThe first catalogue was introduced in 1951 and with this the founder saw his chance toexpand his commerce on a larger scale, and this was the year he decided to completelyfocus on low-price furniture, as from the beginning IKEA sold mainly matches,watches, Christmas decorations, picture frames and jewellery.In 1956 the company came up with the concept of flat-pack self-assembly furniture.The first international IKEA store was introduced in Norway in 1963, and was soonfollowed by the opening of stores in Denmark, Ger many an(prenominal), Australia, Canada, and Austria.In 1987 the first IKEA loose in the UK, and in 2001 the company had 143 stores in 22countries. Today we are the leading furniture retailer in the UK with a 12.1% before MFI and DFS.Our Brand - an penetrationThe brand name is associated with feelings, attitudes or different meanings, and in ourminds it is connected with a certain image. All inspired by the logo, design or colour.Br anding is a way to differentiate one company, its service or product, from competitors.But also to provide it with a personality which is both appealing and unique to theirpotential customers. It is a multifaceted, disciplined and multilayered process.IKEA is seen as friendly, quirky, trendy, social, young, independent, witty and relaxed.Usually the personality of a brand is described as a person, with its differentcharacteristics.The importance of brandingIn the former(prenominal) decade companies are starting to see their brand assets, and with this branding has taken on a greater significance. So today brands are more than yet marketing slogans and logos. All businesses are building their brands through certain actions and in their actual presence they find a position in the mind of consumer and prospects. This is based on experience and exposure of the brand in the competitive marketplace. There are certain advantages to take into account in a Brand Strategy financial Advan tages, Strategic Advantages and Management Advantages. The financial advantages may be higher sales, and for the companies with more market shares higher margins. IKEA is one of the leaders in its market place, and therefore many other brands in that particular sector may be hitchhiker brands following us and other leaders (such as MFI and DFS).Strategic Advantages... ...ours, and the name written crosswise in bold letters.It is very much a trademark and this same logo has been used from avery early stage.ConclusionI take to this will help you understand the importance of branding withinIKEA. Our company has been a worldwide success for so many years, and this has already created an image in most peoples minds, they associate the name IKEA and the logo with purchase or from one of the award winning advertising campaigns which have been run throughout the world.It is incredibly eventful to build brand awareness when introducing anew product onto the market, and our company has al ready achieved this, but there is still the need to maintain customer and market.Bibliography* Mintel (2002)* meshing* San Juan de la Pena website* Rieboviz, Rik * De Chernatony, Leslie (2001) From Brand Vision to Brand Evaluation, Butterworth-Heinemann* Brassington, Frances, Pettitt, Stephen (2000) Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall* Butterfield, Leslie (1999) Excellence in Advertising, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann* Nilson, Torsten H (1998) Competitive Branding, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Branding of IKEA Essay -- Business Management Studies Essays Paper

The Branding of IKEACompany backgroundThe first catalogue was introduced in 1951 and with this the founder saw his chance toexpand his business on a large scale, and this was the year he decided to completelyfocus on low-price furniture, as from the beginning IKEA sold mainly matches,watches, Christmas decorations, picture frames and jewellery.In 1956 the go with came up with the conceit of flat-pack self-assembly furniture.The first international IKEA store was introduced in Norway in 1963, and was soonfollowed by the opening of stores in Denmark, Germany, Australia, Canada, and Austria.In 1987 the first IKEA opened in the UK, and in 2001 the company had 143 stores in 22countries. Today we are the leading furniture retailer in the UK with a 12.1% before MFI and DFS.Our Brand - an introductionThe make cook is associated with feelings, attitudes or different meanings, and in ourminds it is connected with a certain image. All inspired by the logo, design or colour.Branding is a w ay to differentiate i company, its service or product, from competitors.But also to provide it with a personality which is both appealing and unique to theirpotential customers. It is a multifaceted, disciplined and multilayered process.IKEA is seen as friendly, quirky, trendy, social, young, independent, humourous and relaxed.Usually the personality of a brand is described as a person, with its differentcharacteristics.The importance of brandingIn the past decade companies are scratch to see their brand assets, and with this branding has taken on a greater significance. So today brands are more than just marketing slogans and logos. All businesses are building their brands through certain actions and in their actual presence they find a position in the mind of consumer and prospects. This is based on experience and exposure of the brand in the competitive marketplace. There are certain advantages to take into account in a Brand StrategyFinancial Advantages, Strategic Advantag es and Management Advantages. The monetary advantages may be higher sales, and for the companies with more market shares higher margins. IKEA is one of the leaders in its market place, and therefore many other brands in that crabbed sector may be hitchhiker brands following us and other leaders (such as MFI and DFS).Strategic Advantages... ...ours, and the name written across in bold letters.It is very(prenominal) much a trademark and this same logo has been used from avery early stage.ConclusionI hope this will help you ensure the importance of branding withinIKEA. Our company has been a worldwide success for so many years, and this has already created an image in most peoples minds, they associate the name IKEA and the logo with purchase or from one of the award winning advertising campaigns which have been run throughout the world.It is incredibly important to build brand cognizance when introducing anew product onto the market, and our company has already achieved this, b ut there is still the need to maintain customer and market.Bibliography* Mintel (2002)* Internet* San Juan de la Pena website* Rieboviz, Rik * De Chernatony, Leslie (2001) From Brand spate to Brand Evaluation, Butterworth-Heinemann* Brassington, Frances, Pettitt, Stephen (2000) Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall* Butterfield, Leslie (1999) Excellence in Advertising, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann* Nilson, Torsten H (1998) Competitive Branding, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Poetry analysis on “How Do I Love Thee” and “Sonnet XVIII” Essay

Both, Elizabeth Barrett Brownings How Do I hunch over Thee and William Shakespeares Sonnet XVIII, explore the universal origin of eternal, transcending hit the hay. Similarly, both praises are confessions of extol towards a male subject. Brownings is a passionate erotic love one that the Greeks referred to as eros. Eros is Love, who overpowers the mind, and tames the spirit in the breasts of both gods and work force . Shakespeares, however, is the love of agape. It is the love one feels for his family, and friends . In dealing with the theme of love, both poems reference the beauty of their emotions, and the everlasting nature of such beauty.Barretts How Do I Love Thee follows the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet, and is therefore pen in iambic pentameter. It consists of 14 lines, and is divided into an octave and a sestet. The octave has a rhyme scheme of ABBA ABBA. It presents the particular problem facing the author, in this case being the question of her declaration of lo ve. The sestet has a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD. It resolves the problem presented by clarifying the slipway in which the author loves her beloved, and claiming that her love would be strengthened in the afterlife.Shakespeares Sonnet XVIII follows the structure of a classical Shakespearean sonnet, and as such, is written in iambic pentameter. It consists of 14 lines, divided into three quatrains and a rhyming couplet. The rhyme scheme of the first quatrain is ABAB, and introduces the primary notion of the sonnet, it being the comparison of the loudspeakers beloved to a summers day. The second quatrain has a rhyme scheme of CDCD, andstrengthens the comparison of the beloved to a summers day. The terzetto quatrains rhyme scheme is EFEF, shifting the focus from the temperate summer, to the virtually everlasting nature of the memory of the beloved. The couplet has a rhyme scheme of GG, and concludes the sonnet by tying together the themes of love and poetry.Barretts sonnet is imbedded wi th beautifully incorporated literary devices. She begins with the rhetorical question, How do I love thee? She then emergence to answer this questions by saying, Let me count the ways. This can be interpreted as an evident hyperbole, as her feelings are so pure that she could never unfeignedly count the number of ways in which she loves this man. Barrett uses figurative language in saying, I love thee to the depth and breadth and height/My soul can reach. This places a picture of infinite space, or in this case infinite love, in the readers mind. She also makes use of analogy th close to the lines, I love thee freely, as men strive for RightThis compares the passion and love she is giving of her free will, to the passion which men put forward when fighting for justice. This establishes not only that her love is not bound, but also that it is strong, and honest. An analogy can also be seen in the following line, as she states, I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise, insisting her love is as modest and pure as the hearts of those men who are striving for justice. The last line of the sonnet states, I shall but love thee break in after death. Death is somewhat ironic in this context, since it is both what ends the poem, and what ends life.Shakespeares introduces his sonnet with the line Shall I compare thee to a summer day? In a sense, this foreshadows that the beloved will, in fact, be compared to a summers day. Perhaps, even more than that, it foreshadows the use of illustrations throughout sonnet, as the comparison will be made. Shakespeare begins the comparison by drawing parallels between his beloved and the summers day, through the line Thou art more lovely and more temperate. He carefully chooses his adjectives so that they may apply to both summer, and his beloved. He continues by stating that rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.In this, he is using rough winds as a symbol of erratic chance and change, and implying that his beloved is s uperiorbecause he does not suffer from these winds. The author personifies the sky, or heaven, by using the allegory of an eye in place of the sun. He further personifies the season by mentioning that the summers gold complexion is often dimmed, which compares yet another military man attribute of his beloved, with a trait of summer. The author then assures his beloved that his eternal summer shall not fade. Through this, he uses summer as a metaphor for beauty. The speaker brags that his beloved will never suffer the same fate as a summers day, because he has dedicated him to eternal lines. This adds the theme of poetry to a sonnet that had, until now, been about love.

Hellfire and bloody damnation Essay

The Crucible is greatheartedly concerned with the abuse and misuse of business office in Salem. Discuss this with references to any collar char trifleers. In this essay I intend to explore the abuse and misuse of world-beater in Salem with references to three characters. The three characters that I will refer to are Reverend Parris, doubting Thomas Putnam and Abigail Williams. Reverend Parris is the pastor of the church in Salem. He is the father of Betty and the uncle of Abigail Williams. He believes that he is creation persecuted and that the towns sight do not respect his position as a troops of matinee idol.Examples to support these claims are when Parris is asking approximately his wood, and arguing all over his salary, he then goes to say I am not used to this poverty.. Why am I organism persecuted here? Reverend Parris similarly believes there is a faction and a party in the church which makes him seem very paranoid around the heap around him. The towns plenty in addition do not respect him as a man of immortal because watch over says to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation about the services that are held in Salem where Parris preaches.Many of the separate towns people say that they quail to bring their children because of the content of what is said during services. Parris is a materialistic and ungenerous person. He secures his desires in the town by preaching fire and brimstone until the people give in. An instance of this is when he preached for twenty weeks until he got golden candlesticks sooner of the pewter ones made by Francis Nurse. John Proctor says, it hurt my prayer for him to compute that when he look to heaven and see my currency glaring at his elbows because Parris demanded money ever since he became the pastor of Salem.This is a misuse of power and a misuse of his status as a man of God. As a man of god Parris should be grateful for what the towns people expect to offer and what they are prepared t o give in to the Church as an act of charity. The townspeople have ousted the prevail few pastors and Parris fears that he may be next. He feels that he is constantly being persecuted wherever he goes despite his efforts to win people and God to his side. There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning Parris tells to Proctor as he demands the deed to his planetary house and preaches fire and brimstone regarding whatsoever he is after until he has it. It is only too easy for him to believe the girls because not to believe them would mean that the trouble would be in his own house. Betty and Abigail are his family and to have liars in his family will give him a bad name as he is a man of God and should have disciplined his daughter and niece to behave and do what they are told. He is more worried about his own reputation than his daughters health. If he cannot control his own household, he may not be trusted with an entire village.He considers himself as bei ng higher in society than both one else, and believes that people should ask his permission to shut a door. He looks down at children and treats them as lower class citizens and thinks they should be thankful for being permitted to walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouth shut until bidden to speak. There is a large emphasis on honor in the lives of the people of Salem, they were not permitted to read a novel, only Bibles. They thought that theatre was a vain enjoyment and there was not to be any Christmas celebrations.All holidays of snuff it was to be used to concentrate even more upon prayer. There is a lot of imagery of darkness and dirt representing sin and evil. Reverend Parris for example, questions his niece Abigails purity by saying Your name in the town-it is entirely white, is it not? She argues that her name is not soiled. The people of Salem are ghost with preserving the perceived cleanliness of their souls. Parris is so obsessed with kee ping his name white that he hides the fact that he knows that the girls are only lying and he goes along with the girls childish games of accusation.This is an example of misuse of power because Reverend Parris has the power to put a stop to the girls but to keep his name clean he pressures the girls to give more names. Thomas Putnam is a very vindictive man. He is the husband of Ann Putnam, and father to Ruth. He is a powerful man in the village with a long family line. He is the eldest son of the richest man in the village and regards himself to be the most intellectual superior of the people around him. He forces his way in whatever matters benefit him and becomes extremely bitter when he doesnt succeed.He became very bitter when he was turned down blatantly by the village people for one of its more important offices, as he was deeply interested in parish affairs. Mr and Mrs Putnam will not believe Rebecca Nurse when she says that is only a derisory season that the girls are goi ng through. But then to compensate the Putnams blame Rebecca Nurse for the deaths of their children. Mrs Putnam then goes to say There are wheels at heart wheels in this village, and fires within fires meaning that there is more going on in the village that they know of and that the truth is being hidden.Instead of accepting that they have problems of their own, the Putnams turn their raise towards the other villagers and accuse others. Putnam resents any one with more acreage than him and any one of a higher status. An example of his misuse of power is when he is charge of coercing his daughter to accuse people, for example, George Jacobs, in order to gain their forfeited land. Putnam is abusing his power and also his daughters power as she can accuse any one without being doubted of what she is saying is true. Abigail Williams is the orphaned niece of Reverend Parris.She was once the lover of John Proctor but was turned out when his wife discovered the affair. She is extremely jealous of Elizabeth Proctor and uses her power in the town to rid herself of Elizabeth as well as any others who have insulted her in the past. Proctor tells to the men of the court in his last attempt to save his wife and prove the dishonesty of the girls She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God support me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance, and you must see it. He reveals Abigails motivating to see Elizabeth Proctor condemned Abigail cannot let go of her obsession with Proctor. Elizabeth Proctor tells her husband that Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. explaining why Abigail would continue to stick with him though he had ended the affair. She tells him that by sleeping with her, he made a commitment to her, at least in her eyes. She is the leader of the girls. When the girls talk about admitting to dancing in the woods Abigail tells Betty and Mary Warren I will bring a pointy reckoning who initially express fear about their actions in the woods and express a desire to confess.Abigail asserts her power over the girls immediately so as to ensure that she is not exposed. Abigail is a dissembler who is also ruthless and aggressive due to her horrifying child hood. Wen she was a child she cut Indians smash her parents heads on the pillow next to hers. This had had quite a large affect on the way she thinks and has made her more careless and free in the way she behaves. She then goes on to say I have seen close to reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you have never seen the sun go down. This scares the girls so much that they withstand not speak a word of what they did in the woods.She is also very manipulative and plays on peoples feelings to get what she wants. She makes herself seem concerned of the other girls health but she is only concerned in what she gets out of being good. She abused her power by convincing every one that Tituba, who is from Barbados, conjured the devil. As Tituba is fatal and from another country no body believes her and she gives in and admits to be conjuring the devil. The people of Salem and the majority of the people of that time were racist and thought of themselves as a higher class than black people the same as Parris feels towards children.Abigail gains revenge on the people in the village that she has hated or envied specially Elizabeth Proctor. Another example of Abigails misuse of power is when she deviously puts a needle into her stomach and into a dolls stomach and accuses Elizabeth of lay it there. The humbug she made up fits in well with what happens because the placement of the needle is precise because Abigail saw Marry Warren make the doll and put the needle there for safe keeping. Every one in the room at that time believe Abigail, because she suddenly let out a loud scream and the people around wouldnt think that she would do such a thing to herself.Abigail also convinces the court that Marry Warren is lying when she admits to making the doll and putting the needle it the doll. Abigail then pretends to be cold and witched by Marry Warren because she tells the court that it was only pretence that the said they saw the devil and also saw others with the devil. The court believes Abigail as well because her skin is cold and she tells the court that she feels a cold breeze. There is a very large amount of misuse of power in Salem and the above is only a little.The accused in Salem were essentially condemned before they went to trial. Those who decided to live by admitting to witchcraft were ostracized by society much as those thought to be communists were blacklisted. People as a group can get caught up in the moment and act in an irrational manner. The events in Salem are a solemn reminder of what can happen when we allow ourselves to be carried along with the crowd. We must think hard about how we can preserve our system of justice so as not to risk repeating such an awful moment in history.

Urban Renewal

What is urban surrogate? Discuss the issues and strategies of urban refilling of a state metropolis. Urban reformation is a program of land re- evolution in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. It can be envisaged as the physical and infrastructural changes in land use, reinforced environment or intensity of the use of land or building that could be considered as inevitable outcome of the action from economic, social, political, technical and environmental forces performing upon urban areas at different times of its existence.It is a program designed to help communities improve and revitalize areas that have deteriorated, are unsafe and/ or build signs of economic or physical conditions that are detrimental to the community as a whole. Urban renewal could be in the form of -Physical change place of land is developed as a multistory building. -Infrastructural change widening of roads, introduction of metro-rail, etc. -Change in land use function of building changes , tutelage the structure same eg residential to commercial -Change in built form increase in no. of storeys. Change in environment congestion on road cleared, trees planted , garbage removed, etc. In the second half of the 20th century, renewal a great deal resulted in the creation of urban sprawl and gigantic areas of cities beingness demolished and replaced by freeways and expressways, housing projects, and vacant lots, some of which still remain vacant at the beginning of the 21st century. Urban renewals effect on actual revitalization is a subject of intense debate. It is seen by proponents as an economic engine, and by opponents as a regressive mechanism for enriching the wealthy at the expense of tax hireers and the poor.It carries a high cost to existing communities, and in many cases resulted in the destruction of vibrantif run-down neighborhoods. Urban renewal in its sure form has been c tout ensembleed a failure by many urban planners and civic leaders, and has since been reformulated with a focus on re phylogeny of existing communities. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and investment, and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and big business incentives.But even in this adapted form, Urban Renewal projects are still widely accused of abuse and corruption. laughingstock the idea of urban renewal was a belief that if the government removed pile from such places and put them in better places, it would improve not only(prenominal) their lives and their self-image, but also their behavior. This idealistic philosophy became common in America by the end of World War I. IMPORTANCE OF urban RENEWAL Urban renewal is critical to the success of local communities and the long- endpoint prosperity of citizens living in urban areas.Without urban renewal, there would be no incentive for developers to confront the challenges associated with redevelopment , and deteriorating downtown areas would be subject to increased crime and safety problems, while continued growth on the fringes of communities would add to the problem of urban sprawl. NEED FOR URBAN RENEWAL Rise in land value Expansion of service centers Change in transportation mode Latest realization of global capacity scenario. BENEFITS OF URBAN RENEWALProviding matching funds for money from other sources (such as state or federal grants) Funding infrastructure, which brings additional funds to the community through tolerate fees, system development charges (SDCs), water and sewer hook? up charges, etc. Increasing the value of property next to the urban renewal district. Improving the select of life through new or renovated place, roadways, civic and cultural facilities, and expanded economic development OBJECTIVES OF URBAN RENEWAL To eliminate sub optimal uses To urinate conditions for efficient and economic use of scarce and costly urban infrastructure. To improve the efficiency of urban system To reduce social cost of urban development and arrange for cross financing Urban renewal also took hold in medium sized cities, many of which used urban renewal laws to pay for public housing, new bridges, and new thoroughfares. There was a time when the phrase urban renewal was a popular one. But today it often carries a negative connotation, regardless of the truth, however, urban renewal did a lot to change cities.Chicagos now demolished Cabrini-Green housing project, one of many urban renewal efforts. bulge out -Cities unfortunately with some exceptions, have not been enabled to look inward and build on their inherent capacities, both financial and technical, and instead are still being seen in many states as wards of the State governments. -A major failure of city governance has been our inability to address the needs of the poor basic services equivalent drinking water supply, sanitation, housing and social services are not available to an i ncreasing share of urban population. The latent creativity and vitality of our cities and the people who live in them must be tapped to facilitate higher economic growth. -Substantially upgrade the delivery of basic and other urban services which are in bad state. -Understand the cost and impact of providing poor basic services in the urban areas, so that efficient services can be planned. -Plan for generating gainful job opportunities and environmental safeguarding adopting community centered approach.Provide opportunities and funds for capacity building, skill development, vocational training, and flow of micro- credit. -The teaching Commission (PDC) uses urban renewal as a pecker to help specific areas of the city realize capital projects parks, streetscape improvements, community centers, and the like that would not happen on their own. A house in Nashville onwards urban renewal URBAN RENEWAL objectS Components of Urban Renewal Urban redevelopment Urban Rehabilitation C onservation Preservation Rebuilding Reuse reverberation Urban renewal funds can be used for . . .Infrastructure (including such basic improvements as curbs and sidewalks, streets, sewers, flood control, and utility relocation and improvement) Public improvements (such as parks and bold space, pedestrian and bike trails, landscaping and streetscaping, parking lots and parking structures, transportation improvements, helping to construct public buildings and facilities) In certain cases, redevelopment assistant for housing or commercial uses (such as land acquisition and site preparation or other public improvements) Planning and engineering (such as design, business and engineering studies) technical assistance to property owners and developers, and staff support from the renewal agency SITE SELECTION Should be around or inside ground location Should intervene problem areas Land should be easily available utility program plan showing linkages with offsite infrastructure Landscape proposals SEQUENCE OF PROJECT look Preparation of survey maps. Types of survey maps are -Tourism map 1100000 City map 150000 Police station map 163366 ( 1 to a mile) Revenue survey map 1600 (plot size and built up spaces) Identification of project area and influence area Conduct sphere survey to collect socio economic data Land maps, land holding pattern, building height , building edge etc. Traffic information Utility services Financial status Scheme/ concept preparation Land use distribution Future built form Circulation plan EXECUTION OF THE SCHEME Land acquisition Payment of compensation Construction of rehabilitation structures Clearance of site and site development Removal of under-gound utilities and relaying of utilities Development of roads and other open areasWhen the site is ready for construction , it is either leased out to promoters or Development authorities themselves start the construction. The urban renewal of a state capital inv olves Working The basic idea behind urban renewal is simple future tax revenues pay for revitalization efforts. The City Council, acting on the recommendations of a community based steering committee and PDC, draws a line around an area (the urban renewal boundary) and identifies desirable improvements within that area (the urban renewal plan). The city issues urban renewal bonds to pay for the identified improvements. As property values increase in the area due to new investment, the rise in property tax revenues (called tax increment) is used to pay off the urban renewal bonds.This financing method is called tax-increment financing, and it is the most common method of paid for improvements in an urban renewal area. Kind of projects Urban renewal funds can be used for a variety of capital investments, such as Redevelopment projects, such as projects near glisten rail that combine retail and residential components. Economic development strategies, such as small-business brings o r loan programs tied to family-wage jobs. Housing loans and other financial tools for ownership and rental housing which serve a variety of income levels. Streetscape improvements, including new lighting, trees, sidewalks, pedestrian amenities, etc. Transportation enhancements, including light rail, streetcar, intersection improvements, etc. Parks and open spaces.Roots of urban renewal Urban renewal emerged in the late 1940s as an attempt to revitalize fundamental cities, which were losing population and resources to new post-war suburbs. Until the 1960s, urban renewal was a federal program used to clear large areas of land largely to provide what was then considered to be improved housing conditions for thousands of people. It also funded large projects such as hospitals, highways and civic centers. The funding mechanisms and purposes of urban renewal changed in its early decades, but the term loosely referred to a set of programs and policies meant to counter inner-city disinve stment and reinvigorate declining downtown areas. Criteria Urban renewal areas must show evidence of some degree of blight, demonstrated by conditions such as poorly constructed buildings, faulty planning, lack of open spaces, deteriorated properties, an incompatible mix of uses and improper utilization of land. -Urban renewal areas, their principles and the specific projects funded by them are conceived in character with citizen committees who represent a broad spectrum of community interests. In addition, three public bodies must approve any new urban renewal area the Portland Development Commission, the Portland Planning Commission, and City Council. -In urban renewal areas, public investment is used to stimulate private investment on a much larger scale.The sum total of urban renewal funds invested in any one area is small compared to the private investment that follows. -Urban renewal is primarily used to update and improve an areas infrastructure through capital expenditur es on transportation improvements and parks for example and to provide incentives for desired development such as affordable housing, family-wage jobs and building refurbishment. -Urban renewal is designed to benefit all people within the urban renewal area, in surrounding neighborhoods and throughout the city and metropolitan area. -The urban renewal plan, which guides all public spending in the area, is conceived by citizens who are best able to make decisions about how to improve their neighborhood. Urban renewal can be a strong and effective tool to protect long-term affordability in revitalizing neighborhoods by financing the construction of affordable housing. -Urban renewal works to revitalize communities within the existing built environment. -Promote livelihood opportunities through skill building and enhancement of entrepreneurship. Enable public private partnership arrangement covering infrastructure development and service delivery. -The realization of the overall progr amme goal of improving the quality of life for all is possible only through the framework of long term development plan, replacing the narrow project based approach.

Presenting Your Position Essay

Education is an important tool to personal and professional success at this clock of age. More and more companies and organizations choose to hire people who take a shit completed their degrees. It provides the right training and knowledge to people so that they may excel in their chosen fields. The most important aspect of receiving a good education, however, is the improvements it keister bring to one(a)s life. There are otherwises who do not suss out the importance of a good education. They argue that a person does not need to have a degree in order to be victorious in life.They further believe that it only takes determination and perseverance to make it to the top. Beca white plague there have been several people who have no academic degrees barely are financially successful like Bill Gates (Proof M. B. A. s Are Overrated), people who expression this way about education feel stronger about their stance. However, in reality, education is more important than what most peop le believe. It is very true that success needs hard work, determination, and perseverance but if a person has these three and a good education, it is more likely that he or she allow for succeed in life.People who prove be in no need of an education are either very rich or are too smart for school. Looking at the real blank space there are only a few people who fall in these two categories and majority of the public do need education in order to succeed and be financially stable. There are as well those, particularly teenagers, who believe that receiving education is a waste of time and that they do not have to have degrees in order to have a job. While this is true, differences can be seen from the types of jobs that degree holders can get compared to that of non-degree holders.Most jobs that non-degree holders can go for for are very low-paying and one cannot expect much growth from it. Many companies only promote employees who have completed their education. A good education leave provide an individual with the knowledge and experience that he or she needs to enter the corporate world. This is where a person can learn how to make use of his or her talents and maximize these to his or her own full potential. When this is done with the proper attitude, the possibilities are endless. Being educated can also bring about admire from other people.Although it is very discriminating and should not be practiced, educated people are given more attention and that people will hear what they have to say about certain things. It is more likely that people look up to and believe those who have a good education. Education can also lessen poverty and ignorance, which can help improve a nations economic status. Aside from these things, there are also numerous other benefits that a person can receive from a good education. Learning how to socialize and interact with others is one of the most essential benefits that attending school can give.Students are exposed to other people who may or may not be different from them and this will teach them important lessons in life. both(prenominal) may indicate that they can learn from books without the help of others. However, instructors are there for a reason and this is to guide students on the learning process. One can ascertain a book and may understand it but learning is still different when there is someone who can clarify things and provide in-depth analysis of the learnings. Books, oddly textbooks for school, are sometimes too complicated without the help of professors.It is not enough to read them and then decide that the person has already learned everything because he or she may have misinterpeted some of the things that the textbook is trying to say. Personally, I believe that a person needs education because of the positive things it can contribute to ones life and his or her arena. Nowadays, due to the influence of media, people have become followers of what they see and hear around them. N o one thinks anymore and nobody cares. If people are educated enough, they will have good decision-making skills and will be able to determine what would be good or unfit for him or her better.Over the years, the importance of education has been seen and has not yet been replaced by anything else. Education makes one a better person even if it is only in mental terms. Still, one must remember that education is not enough to succeed. Even if the person possesses the best education there is in the whole of the country or world for that matter, if he or she does not have the right amount of determination and strength to survive in the corporate world, then it will amount to nothing. Education should not be taken for granted, especially with the fact that not all people are able to afford it.

Antitheatricalism – Ben Jonson

Antitheatricalism in Light of Ben JonsonsVolpone Commentary by Joel Culpepper Crossdressing in England was mostly opposed by the Fundamentalist differentiate of the Protestant church building known as the Puritans. The Puritan dogma, much alike the concept of transvestism, was constantly challenged. Puritans found resistance in the religious authorities of the Church of England and the English government. Before 1536, the Roman Catholic Church was unimpeded and always won over Puritan proposals regarding legislation.Without a cooperative political ear, the Puritans resorted to experimental spiritual expression by changing their social behavior and structuring. Due to these changes, a formidable way of attacking the theaters use of crossdressing was developed- public preaching and pamphlets. Other individuals and groups (like the Juvenalians) back up the moral and social reform movement by speaking and writing essays and books on the subject. Due to the nature the actors role in Be n JonsonsVolpone, the play was also affect in this moral battle.The ideology behind the Puritan protest was based on biblical sentiment and the patristic literary tradition of Roman writers like Tertullian and St. Augustine. The Puritans religious banner for combatting gender transgression was Deuteronomy 225- The woman shall not wear that which pertains to a man, neither shall a man put on a womans garment (Tiffany 58). In general, pagan myths were also associated with crossdressing. Puritans like William Pryne labeled these actors as beastly young-begetting(prenominal) monsters that degenerate into women (Tiffany 59).Further, the Puritans feared that men dressing as women caused the men in the auditory modality to lust for real females and to form homoerotic desires for the male actors (the reverse was also true for women). The Puritan fear also opposed androgynous Renaissance uniform and womens male hairstyles, as documented in Phillip Stubbes 1583Anatomy of Abuses. Jonson wa s more(prenominal) than aware of these Puritan sentiments. InVolpone, Volpone hopes Celia will submit sexually and down her in more modern forms such as a Brave Tuscan lady, or proud Spanish beauty (Campbell 3. 7. 226, 228). Volpone seems to be conveyor of Jonsons acknowledgment of the actors transformative ability a part of the playwrights (and the actors) self concern of the real drama within a play, or metadrama. In Volpones subsequent proposal to Celia, crossdressing is coupled with androgyny. Male and female liquor are joined in harmony because their lips transfuse their wandering souls (Campbell 3. 7. 234).Ones point of view might relate this as a matter of homosexual or heterosexual sex. The passage could also (ironically) refer to the Puritan sponsored sacrament of marriage- a holy sacrament. It must also be mentioned thatVolpones ending also provides an element of penalisation for sins- lust, avarice and deception being among them. Jonsons blatant use of classical sati re as farce links the feminine male with naivety or belligerency that demeans love and advocates the scholarly, independent male identity.The female image in his plays is often masculine- true to the actors real physicality and the surrounding male chauvinist population. Interestingly, Jonson allows the head male character ,Volpone, to be exceedingly great at his craft of deception while the virtuous Celia adopts an irrational, painful way to keep herself a virgin. Celia vows she will entomb hot coals rather than submit to Volpones desires. The Puritans homophobia is also apparent inVolpone.Volpone makes sure (through explanation) that even though he acted the part of Antonias (a supposed lover of a man king) for the non-heterosexual King Henry III, he is a ladies man. Volpone claims that he attracted/ The eyes and ears of all the ladies present (Campbell 3. 7. 164). In another reversal of gender, Lady Would-be notices her husband with person she believes to be a female prostitu te dressed as a young man. After belittling her husband for this by calling him a thickening of a female devil, she realizes her mistake and apologizes.This situation supports the possibility that Jonson believed the Puritans were making a mistake (like Lady Would-Be) in ignoring permanent, masculine reality and challenging the temporary ,imaginative, and womanly role of actors for immorality. Morality, the main goal of the Antitheatrical movement in the Renaissance, was both supported and denounced by Jonson in various ways. However, the general perception is that Jonson (unlike Shakespeare) fueled the fires of degradation- implicating women with the weakness, lack of intelligence, and agreement they were believed to exude.In the annals of theatrical history, Jonsons metadrama could be said to perpetuate this social stereotype. Nevertheless, Jonsons crossing of the gender line and sexual scenes like Volpones flashing of Celia were enough to have religious, moral, and social comm entators screaming blood murder. Two issues demand prominence in the play. While outwardly a play driven by blatant genderless controversy, the private thematic, character-driven nature ofVolponesuggests a conformity and adherence to the intellectual and theological moralism of the time. http//www. english. uga. edu/cdesmet/joel/PURITAN. html